VIQ - Central Nervous System and Head & Neck - Practice papers Flashcards
@# 1. Regarding sonography of normal neck lymph nodes: (T/F)
a) There are a total of 100 lymph nodes in the neck
b) At least 5 or 6 normal cervical nodes are identified routinely by sonography of the neck
c) The number of normal cervical lymph nodes that can be detected by ultrasound decreases
with advancing age
d) There is an increase in intranodal fatty infiltration with age
e) The normal submandibular and parotid nodes are usually round
1.
a) False - 300
b) True
c) True
d) True
e) True - elsewhere, malignant nodes tend to be round
@# 2. The following are branches of the vertebral artery: (T/F)
a) Anterior spinal artery
b) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
c) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
d) Superior cerebellar artery
e) Pontine artery
2.
a) True
b) False - this is a branch of the basilar artery
c) True
d) False - basilar artery
e) False - basilar artery
@# 4. Regarding the parathyroid glands: (T/F)
a) Fewer than 2% of superior parathyroid glands are ectopic in location
b) The reported sensitivity of ultrasound in detection of parathyroid adenoma is only 40-45%
c) The parathyroid glands arise from the 3rd and 4th branchial pouches
d) Spin-echo T2 weighted MRI in the coronal plane is the most sensitive imaging sequence
for detection of parathyroid adenoma
e) Typically, parathyroid adenoma is seen as a homogenous hyperechoic nodule on ultrasound
4.
a) True
b) False - 65-85%
c) True
d) False - fat-suppressed T2 weighted MRI in the axial plane
e) False - hypoechoic
@# 5. The basal ganglia consist of the following: (T/F)
a) Corpus striatum
b) Claustrum
c) Fornix
d) Hippocampus
e) Amygdaloid body
5.
a) True - consisting of the caudate and lentiform nuclei
b) True
c) False
d) False
e) True
@# 7. Causes of loss of the lamina dura of the teeth include: (T/F)
a) Osteomalacia
b) Hyperparathyroidism
c) Scleroderma
d) Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
e) Paget’s disease
7.
a) True
b) True
c) True
d) True
e) True
@# 8. Regarding fibro-osseous lesions of the face and jaw: (T/F)
a) Periosteal reaction is not a feature of benign fibro-osseous lesions
b) The monostatic form accounts for 40-50% of cases of fibrous dysplasia
c) In fibrous dysplasia the teeth generally remain undisplaced with resorption
d) Most cemento-ossifying fibromas are treated surgically
e) Site predilection of fibrous dysplasia is for the mandible
8.
a) True
b) False - 80-85%
c) True - whereas cemento-ossifying fibroma may displace them or even resorb their roots
d) True
e) False - maxilla
@# 9. Concerning glial tumours of the brain: (T/F)
a) They account for 40-45% of all intracranial tumours
b) Low grade astrocytomas usually enhance
c) Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and most malignant glioma
d) Calcification is seen in up to 40% of oligodendrogliomas on CT
e) Oligodendroglioma most commonly affects the parietal and occipital lobes
9.
a) True
b) False - very poor or no enhancement
c) True - accounts for 50% of gliomas
d) False - 70% show calcification on CT. 100% show calcification pathologically. However, a
calcified brain tumour is still more likely to be an astrocytoma
e) False - frontal lobes mostly
@# 10. Concerning posterior fossa tumours in children: (T/F)
a) 80% of medulloblastomas arise from the vermis
b) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas are the second commonest posterior fossa tumour
c) Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas usually calcify
d) Brainstem gliomas mostly affect the midbrain
e) Ependymoma seeds to the CSF in 30% of cases
10.
a) True
b) True - medulloblastoma is the commonest
c) False - 20% calcify
d) False - most commonly affect the pons
e) True
@# 11. The following are true regarding multiple sclerosis: (T/F)
a) Periventricular lesions are aligned parallel to the long axis of the lateral ventricles
b) The thoracic cord is the most common part of the spinal cord to be affected
c) Lesions are typically bright on T2 weighted MRI
d) 40% of spinal cord lesions have associated brain lesions
e) Most spinal cord lesions are low signal on T1 weighted MRI
11.
a) False - perpendicular
b) False - cervical
c) True
d) False - 80%
e) False - this is true for brain lesions but not for spinal cord lesions
@# 12. Concerning infraorbital pathology: (T/F)
a) Optic nerve glioma is the commonest tumour arising from the optic nerve sheath complex
b) Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumour is unilateral in 40-50% of cases in adults
c) The lacrimal gland is the most frequently involved orbital structure in idiopathic
inflammatory pseudotumour
d) Use of steroids differentiates idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumour from lymphoma
e) Thyroid eye disease is the most common disorder affecting the orbit
12.
a) True
b) False - 85% of cases
c) True
d) False - both pathologies respond in a similar way
e) True
@# 13. Regarding paragangliomas: (T/F)
a) They can arise anywhere from the base of skull to the floor of the pelvis
b) They usually enhance intensely with contrast
c) Glomus jugulare tumours typically produce a ‘salt and pepper’ appearance on CT
d) Glomus tympanicum tumour is the commonest tumour in the middle ear
e) Glomus vagale tumour most commonly affects the vagus nerve within the base of the skull
at the level of the jugular bulb
13.
a) True
b) True
c) False - on MRI, due to multiple small tumour vessels
d) True
e) False - most commonly inferior to base of skull, close to jugular foramen
@# 14. The following are causes of white matter demyelination: (T/F)
a) Behçet’s disease
b) Moya-moya disease
c) Lyme disease
d) Marchiafava-bignami syndrome
e) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
14.
a) True
b) True - idiopathic supraclinoid carotid artery obliterative arteriopathy mostly seen in
children
c) True
d) True - seen in red wine drinking alcoholics
e) True - in children with measles
@# 15. The following are correct concerning MRI: (T/F)
a) Spin-echo sequences use 180 degree pulses
b) Gradient-echo sequences use 180 degree pulses
c) Gradient-echo sequences have lower noise compared with spin- echo
d) Echo planar imaging is a fast spin-echo sequence
e) Spatial resolution of MRI is 2 line pairs per mm
15.
a) True
b) False
c) False
d) False - fast gradient-echo sequence used in diffusion imaging
e) False - 0.5 line pairs per mm
@# 16. The following are true regarding meningitis: (T/F)
a) Neisseria meningitides is the commonest cause in children
b) Subdural effusions are common in infants with Haemophilus influenzae
c) Leptomeningeal enhancement is more marked in tuberculosis than bacterial meningitis
d) Hydrocephalus is commonly seen in fungal meningitis
e) Group B haemolytic streptococcus is the commonest cause in neonates
16.
a) False - commonest cause in young adults. Haemophilus influenzae is commonest cause in
children
b) True
c) True
d) True
e) True
@# 17. The following are branches of the external carotid artery: (T/F)
a) Ascending pharyngeal artery
b) Inferior thyroid artery
c) Posterior auricular artery
d) Occipital artery
e) Lingual artery
17.
a) True
b) False - superior thyroid artery
c) True
d) True
e) True