VIQ - Cardiothoracic and Vascular - Practice papers Flashcards
@# 1. The following surgical procedures are used in the treatment of the associated conditions: (T/F)
a) Aorticopulmonary window repair - tetralogy of Fallot
b) Blalock-Taussig shunt - transposition of the great vessels
c) Fontan procedure - tricuspid atresia
d) Mustard procedure - transposition of great vessels
e) Norwood procedure - hypoplastic left heart syndrome
1.
a) True
c) True
d) True
e) True
f) True
@# 2. The following decrease signal-to-noise ratio in MRI: (T/F)
a) 3D imaging
b) Thinner slices
c) Using T2 rather than T1 weighted images
d) Using a shorter echo time
e) Using spin-echo rather than gradient-echo sequences
2.
a) False
b) True
c) True
d) False
e) False
@# 5. Regarding single photon emission tomography for myocardial perfusion studies: (T/F)
a) Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide
b) Infarction can be differentiated from ischaemia
c) Stress and resting images are obtained
d) Imaging begins 30 minutes after injection of radionuclide
e) The half life of technetium-99m is 30 minutes
5.
a) False - 201 Thallium
b) True
c) True
d) False - imaging begins 5-10 minutes after injection and completed by 30 minutes
e) False - 6 hours
@# 6. An aberrant left pulmonary artery: (T/F)
a) Passes below the right main bronchus
b) Passes posterior to the oesophagus on its way to the left lung
c) Is associated with a patent ductus arteriosus
d) Causes deviation of the trachea to the right
e) Is associated with an elevated left hilum
6.
a) False - passes above the right main bronchus
b) False - passes between the oesophagus and the trachea
c) True
d) False - causes deviation of the trachea to the left
e) False - low left hilum
@# 10. The following are signs of an aortic graft infection: (T/F)
a) Perigraft haematoma seen at 2-3 weeks post-surgery
b) Ectopic gas seen at 5-6 weeks post-surgery
c) >5 mm soft tissue between graft and surrounding wrap after 7 weeks postoperative
d) Focal bowel wall thickening adjacent to graft
e) Focal discontinuity of calcified aneurysmal wrap
10.
a) False - complete resolution of haematoma by 2-3 months
b) True - disappears by 3-4 weeks
c) True
d) True - suggests a fistula
e) True
@# 11. Regarding polysplenia syndrome: (T/F)
a) It is more commonly associated with congenital heart disease than asplenia syndrome
b) Dextrocardia is seen in 30-40%
c) A large azygous vein which mimics the aortic arch is a specific feature
d) Bilateral minor fissures are seen
e) Bilateral superior vena cavas are seen in 40-50%
11.
a) False - 50% congenital heart disease incidence in asplenia syndrome
b) True
c) True
d) False - this is a feature of asplenia syndrome
e) True
@# 12. Regarding metastases to the heart and pericardium: (T/F)
a) Primary cardiac tumours are more common than metastases to the heart and pericardium
b) Lymphoma is the commonest primary tumour to metastasise to the heart
c) Melanoma metastases spread via the lymphatics
d) Melanoma metastases appear as low signal intensity lesions on T1 weighted MRI images
e) More than 50% of cases of mesothelioma invade the pericardium
12.
a) False
b) False - bronchogenic carcinoma in 30%, breast in 7%
c) False - haematogenous spread
d) False - high signal intensity lesions on T1 weighted MRI images
e) True
@# 13. Regarding popliteal artery disease: (T/F)
a) The popliteal artery is located between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
b) The popliteal artery is considered aneurysmal if its diameter exceeds 7 mm
c) Popliteal artery aneurysms are bilateral in 10-15%
d) In popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, patients are usually elderly females
e) Primary treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is vascular stenting
13.
a) True - deep to the vein
b) True - true aneurysms of the popliteal artery are the commonest peripheral artery
aneurysms
c) False - bilateral in 50-70%. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is present in 30-50% of patients
with popliteal artery aneurysm
d) False - young men
e) False - there is no role for angioplasty or stenting. Surgical release of muscles/tendons
causing entrapment is the treatment. Artery bypass is performed if there is
thrombus/fibrosis due to chronic entrapment
@# 15. Regarding positron emission tomography (PET): (T/F)
a) 18F fluorodeoxyglucose is the radioisotope most commonly used
b) Two times more events are detected with PET per decay than single photon imaging
c) Image noise is decreased by increasing the scan time
d) Benign and malignant pleural effusions can be differentiated on PET
e) Tuberculosis is a recognized cause of a false positive
15.
a) True
b) False - 100 times more events are detected
c) True
d) True - with an accuracy of 92%
e) True
@# 17. Thymoma: (T/F)
a) Is associated with myasthenia gravis
b) Is associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia
c) Commonly presents with SVC obstruction
d) Commonly presents in children
e) Is isointense to skeletal muscle on T1 weighted MRI images
17.
a) True - 15-25% of patients with myasthenia gravis have thymoma
b) True - 5% of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia have thymoma
c) False - rare. 50% are asymptomatic
d) False - adults. 70% present in the 5-6th decade
e) True
@# 18. Causes of cardiac calcification include: (T/F)
a) Endocardial fibroelastosis
b) Endomyocardial fibrosis
c) Chronic renal failure
d) Mediastinal radiotherapy
e) Left ventricular aneurysm
18.
a) True
b) True - though very rare
c) True
d) True
e) True
@# 19. Regarding superior mesenteric angiography: (T/F)
a) Cobra catheters have 1 end hole and 4-6 side holes
b) Gastrointestinal ischaemia is an indication
c) When carried out for gastrointestinal bleeding, blood loss of 0.5 ml per minute can be
identified if the patient is bleeding at the time
d) Examination is performed with the patient in a prone position
e) When examined with the inferior mesenteric artery, the superior mesenteric artery should
be examined first
19.
a) False - 1 end hole and 0 side holes
b) True
c) True
d) False - supine
e) False - the inferior mesenteric artery should be examined first so that contrast medium
accumulation in the bladder doesn’t obscure the terminal branches
@# 20. Regarding cardiomyopathies: (T/F)
a) Alcoholism is a recognized cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy
b) Amyloidosis is a recognized cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner
d) Mitral stenosis is a feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
e) In dilated cardiomyopathy the left ventricle is usually spared
20.
a) False - cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
b) False - cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy
c) False - autosomal dominant inheritence
d) False - mitral regurgitation
e) False - global 4 chamber enlargement
@# 21. Regarding thoracic anatomy: (T/F)
a) The superior accessory fissure separates the apical segment of the right lower lobe from the
other segments
b) The left transverse fissure is seen in 15-20% of post mortem specimens
c) The right major fissure is more vertically orientated than the left
d) The minor fissure is absent in 25-30%
e) The minor fissure meets the right major fissure at the level of the 6th rib in the midclavicular
line
21.
a) True
b) True
c) False
d) False - the minor fissure is absent in 10%
e) False - the mid-axillary line
@# 22. Loss of clarity of the right heart border silhouette can be due to: (T/F)
a) Pneumothorax on a supine radiograph
b) Pectus excavatum
c) Middle lobe collapse
d) Right lower lobe collapse
e) Asbestosis
22.
a) False
b) True
c) True
d) False
e) True