Violence In Sport

Question 1

What are the causes and implications of violence for the performer

Answer 1

Retaliation and abuse from opponent and spectators
Win ethic or win at all costs attitude
Important games (eg local derbies) can lead to overarousal
Poor officiating leads to frustration with officials
Frustration with own performance
Physical contact sports (eg rugby) can overspill into violent behaviour

Question 2

What are the prevention strategies for the performer to prevent violence

Answer 2

Punishing performers when they exhibit aggressive behaviour
Promoting and rewarding performers with good disciplinary records
Introducing education campaigns and FairPlay awards
Match officials use video replays to check decisions
Use of post match video evidence

Question 3

What are the causes and implications of violence for the spectators and the sport

Answer 3

Emotional intensity and importance of events (eg derbies)
Alcohol and drugs
Pre match media hype
Poor policing
Lack of deterrents
Adrenaline rush
Perceived display of masculinity

Question 4

What are the solutions for hooliganism

Answer 4

Banning or controlling alcohol sales
Increasing policing
Imposing tougher deterrents (eg match bans)
CCTV
Separating fans, removing all seater terrace stadiums
Encouraging responsible media hype
Early kickoff

Question 5

Define hooliganism

Answer 5

Disorderly aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at sporting events