Vinification Flashcards
Why do most wine makers destem white grapes before making wine?
Generally if the stem is left on while making wine, it can create astringent tasting wine.
What is must?
must is the pulpy mixture btween grape juice and wine derived from the skin of the grapes
Name 4 different type of materials used for fermentation vessels
Clay amphorae
stainless steel
concrete
wood
Why would a winemaker use a cultured yeast?
A cultured yeast is predictable. They can also force coagulation of sedimentation.
When the fermentation stops before all the sugar is consumed, this is called…
Stuck fermentation
Long cool fermentations generally result in what type of wine?
Light fruity wines
What is chaptalization?
Adding sugar to fermentation to increase alcohol content
Who is chaptalization named after?
Jean-Antoine Chaptal
What does the french term Saignee mean?
It means to bleed. It refers to the process of pulling juice from a tank of red must during the beginning of fermentation. 2 goals.
1) it can create a juice for a rose wine
2) it creates a higher proportion of grape skin to juice
What does tartaric acid do in wine?
It increases acidity and lowers pH
What is maloactic fermentation?
maloactic fermentation is the conversion of malic acids are converted to softer milkier acids such as lactic acid
What taste does malic acid have in wine?
It contributes to the sour taste of the wine. Think sour like apples.
What taste does lactic acid have in wine?
It contributes to the sour taste of the wine. Think sour milk.
If a wine is filtered incorrectly or over filtered what can happen to a wine?
It can remove flavor, leave wine prey to bacteria, potentially remove tannic structures.
Name 7 regions where French oak comes from.
Limousin Fortes Centrales Troncais Allier Bertrange Nevers Bourgogne Argonne Vosges
What country produces cork (primary)?
Portugal
Name 6 different styles of stoppers
Champgne Cork Regular Cork Agglomerate Cork Synthetic Cork Screw cap Vino Lock
What company is the largest producer of cork?
Amorim Cork Company
Why is the traditional oak style of a cork preferred for high end wines?
It allows small amounts oxygen to enter the wine maturing and aging it.
What is TCA?
Trichloroanisole, which is a chemical compound that is created when cork comes in contact with bleaching with chlorine. The phenol bonds with chlorine to create polychlorinated phenols which may create the TCA compound.
How many parts per can TCA be detected?
two parts per trillion
What two elements make a wine mature well?
Time and oxygen
What would age better, a smaller or larger bottle of wine?
Why?
A larger bottle. Since there is more wine it will take oxygen a larger time to interact with that amount of liquid or wine.
What are the ideal high and low temps for storing wine?
Optimum?
45-64 degrees F
50-55 degrees F
