Vinification

Question 1

Why do most wine makers destem white grapes before making wine?

Answer 1

Generally if the stem is left on while making wine, it can create astringent tasting wine.

Question 2

What is must?

Answer 2

must is the pulpy mixture btween grape juice and wine derived from the skin of the grapes

Question 3

Name 4 different type of materials used for fermentation vessels

Answer 3

Clay amphorae
stainless steel
concrete
wood

Question 4

Why would a winemaker use a cultured yeast?

Answer 4

A cultured yeast is predictable. They can also force coagulation of sedimentation.

Question 5

When the fermentation stops before all the sugar is consumed, this is called…

Answer 5

Stuck fermentation

Question 6

Long cool fermentations generally result in what type of wine?

Answer 6

Light fruity wines

Question 7

What is chaptalization?

Answer 7

Adding sugar to fermentation to increase alcohol content

Question 8

Who is chaptalization named after?

Answer 8

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

Question 9

What does the french term Saignee mean?

Answer 9

It means to bleed. It refers to the process of pulling juice from a tank of red must during the beginning of fermentation. 2 goals.

1) it can create a juice for a rose wine
2) it creates a higher proportion of grape skin to juice

Question 10

What does tartaric acid do in wine?

Answer 10

It increases acidity and lowers pH

Question 11

What is maloactic fermentation?

Answer 11

maloactic fermentation is the conversion of malic acids are converted to softer milkier acids such as lactic acid

Question 12

What taste does malic acid have in wine?

Answer 12

It contributes to the sour taste of the wine. Think sour like apples.

Question 13

What taste does lactic acid have in wine?

Answer 13

It contributes to the sour taste of the wine. Think sour milk.

Question 14

If a wine is filtered incorrectly or over filtered what can happen to a wine?

Answer 14

It can remove flavor, leave wine prey to bacteria, potentially remove tannic structures.

Question 15

Name 7 regions where French oak comes from.

Answer 15

Limousin
Fortes Centrales
Troncais Allier
Bertrange Nevers
Bourgogne
Argonne
Vosges

Question 16

What country produces cork (primary)?

Answer 16

Portugal

Question 17

Name 6 different styles of stoppers

Answer 17

Champgne Cork
Regular Cork
Agglomerate Cork
Synthetic Cork
Screw cap
Vino Lock

Question 18

What company is the largest producer of cork?

Answer 18

Amorim Cork Company

Question 19

Why is the traditional oak style of a cork preferred for high end wines?

Answer 19

It allows small amounts oxygen to enter the wine maturing and aging it.

Question 20

What is TCA?

Answer 20

Trichloroanisole, which is a chemical compound that is created when cork comes in contact with bleaching with chlorine. The phenol bonds with chlorine to create polychlorinated phenols which may create the TCA compound.

Question 21

How many parts per can TCA be detected?

Answer 21

two parts per trillion

Question 22

What two elements make a wine mature well?

Answer 22

Time and oxygen

Question 23

What would age better, a smaller or larger bottle of wine?

Why?

Answer 23

A larger bottle. Since there is more wine it will take oxygen a larger time to interact with that amount of liquid or wine.

Question 24

What are the ideal high and low temps for storing wine?

Optimum?

Answer 24

45-64 degrees F

50-55 degrees F

Question 25

What position should an aging wine be stored? Why?

Answer 25

Horizontal. This is to keep the wine in contact with the cork so it doesnt dry out and let in too much air.

Question 26

Are tannins more noticeable at high or low temps?

Answer 26

Low temps

Question 27

What are the basic tastes?

Answer 27

Sweet, sour, salt, bitter, unami