Viniculture/Viticulture

Question 1

What are the 8 common categories of viticulture?

Answer 1

1. vine training
2. pruning methods
3. canopy management
4. fertilization
5. irrigation
6. harvest dates
7. Disease control
8. Monitoring the development of the vinyard

Question 2

When does budbreak start?

Answer 2

February

Question 3

What is veraison?

Answer 3

When the grapes soften and start to change color.

Question 4

What does vendage mean?

Answer 4

Harvest

Question 5

What is the ideal temperature range for grapes to grow?

Answer 5

50-68 degrees

70 degrees for ripening

Question 6

What is the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?

Answer 6

1300 hours

Question 7

What is the required amount of rainfall annually in order to produce adequate crop?

Answer 7

20-30 inches of rainfall

Question 8

What happens if the vine has too much rain?

Answer 8

It can dilute the flavor of the wine and quality as well as fungal disease.

Question 9

What is terrior?

Answer 9

The complete system of the living vine.

Question 10

What is macroclimate?

Answer 10

Regional climate

Question 11

What is mesoclimate?

Answer 11

The climate particular to the vinyard

Question 12

What is Microclimate?

Answer 12

The climate in and around the vine canopy

Question 13

What is mass selection or selection massale?

Answer 13

When the grower selects videos for replanting from a number of vines throughout the vinyard rather than a single clone.

Question 14

What is virus ripara?

Answer 14

American rootstock that is phylloxera resistant

Question 15

What is cordon training?

Answer 15

When the vine has at least one permanent cane that extends from the trunk called an arm or cordon.

Question 16

What is head training?

Answer 16

When the vine has no permanent cordon and the trunk ends up in a knob.

Question 17

What is the guyot system?

Answer 17

Vertical trellises on which canes can be suspended.

Question 18

What are three fungal diseases?

Answer 18

Powdery mildew, Downey mildew, eutypa dieback

Question 19

What is one fungal disease that can not be treated?

Answer 19

Esca or black measles. It weakens growth and development and it’s a wood rotting fungus.

Question 20

What are three bacterial diseases

Answer 20

Pierces disease, bacterial blight, crown gall (black knot).

Question 21

What are two viral diseases

Answer 21

Leafroll virus and fanleaf degeneration.

Question 22

What is chaptalization?

Answer 22

Addition of sugar to grape must to increase alcohol and glycerin content.

Question 23

What is battonage?

Answer 23

Stirring of the lees during fermentation

Question 24

What does barrel fermentation bring to winemaking?

Answer 24

It lacks temperature control but can lead to more expression of color and oak.

Question 25

What is reverse osmosis?

Answer 25

It’s a procedure that separates the wine into two parts (permeate) and (retendate). The permeate is distilled before recombined with the wines aromatic compounds.

Question 26

What is acidification?

Answer 26

The addition of acid to grape must to balance wines.

Question 27

What is malolactic fermentation?

Answer 27

Naturally occurring secondary fermentation in which lactic acid bacteria convert harsh malic acid into soft lactic acid and Carbon dioxide.

Question 28

What is carbonic maceration?

Answer 28

Alcoholic fermentation used for some red wines wherein whole uncrushed grapes under a blanket of CO2 initiate intercellular fermentation

Question 29

What is cold soak?

Answer 29

Prefermentation maceration technique that relies on substantial SO2 additions and a cold temperature. this leads to a grater ratio of skins to juice for more extraction.

Question 30

What is pigeage

Answer 30

Punching down

Question 31

What is remontage?

Answer 31

Pumping over

Question 32

What is destelage

Answer 32

Racking

Question 33

What is elevage?

Answer 33

Maturation period

Question 34

Why do winemakers use oak?

Answer 34

Allows gentle slow oxidation rounding out and softening the texture of the wine.

Question 35

What does American oak factor into winemaking?

Answer 35

It is less porous but releases more vanillin and lactones resulting in a coconut factor

Question 36

What does 100% organic wine not contain?

Answer 36

Sulfites

Question 37

What is viticulture?

Answer 37

The study of grape growing slowly developed in conjuction with the cultivation of wine.

Question 38

What are two producers that use American oak

Answer 38

Silver oak and Ridge