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VITICULTURE > VINEYARD CALENDAR > Flashcards

VINEYARD CALENDAR Flashcards

1
Q

Why is leaf pulling early in spring less of a problem than later in the season? (in terms of sunburn)

A

The young green grapes will protect themselves by creating a kind of ‘sunscreen’. After veraison they will just get sunburned.

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2
Q

What would be a good moment to start the budrubbing

A

After risk of springfrost (1st week of may in BDX)

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3
Q

What are ‘watershoots’?

A

Undesirable shoots from latent buds originating from above ground wood.

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4
Q

What is the risk of doing shoot thinning too early or too late? + indication of timing

A

Early to mid summer
Too early: regrowth
Too late: more difficult to remove

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5
Q

What parameters need to be recorded per vine throughout the year? (7)

A
  1. Number of buds
  2. Number of shoots
  3. Number of inflorescence
  4. Number of bunches (at version)
  5. Number of berries per bunch
  6. Berry weight
  7. Average yield
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6
Q

What are the main aims of wire lifting? (3)

A
  1. Increasing interception of light by leaves
  2. Aeration and cluster illumination
  3. Facilitating passages of tractors
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7
Q

When is the wire lifting being done?

A

Northern Hemisphere
May 1st, July 2nd
Southern Hemisphere
November 1st, July 2nd

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8
Q

Name 5 aims of summer trimming

A
  1. Improve spray coverage
  2. Reduce susceptibility to disease
  3. Facilitating passage of tractors
  4. Carbohydrate partitioning towards inflorescence
  5. Reducing evaporated transpiration
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9
Q

What would be a reason to start summer trimming or topping early?

A

Limitation of risk coulure in susceptible varieties

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10
Q

Name 4 types of irrigation

A
  1. Flood irrigation
  2. Over-head irrigation
  3. Drip irrigation
  4. Sub-surface irrigation
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11
Q

At which stages in the vine cycle does the wine needs sufficient water the most?

A

Flowering and veraison

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12
Q

Name an advantage of leaf removal specific for red and one for white

A

Red: increased synthesis of polyphenols (tannin and anthocyanin)
White: Increased aromatics (thiols)

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13
Q

At what two stages will leaf removal take place? Name early and late

A

Early: fruitset
Late: near maturity

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14
Q

What is the main disadvantage of machine harvesting in relation to fruit quality

A

Fruit will be de stemmed, more oxidation, more sulphur needed for protection

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15
Q

Name 3 consequences for a vine with of excess vigour

A

Increased transpiration
Increased foliar area
Increased risk of diseases

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16
Q

Name 4 principles of canopy management (desired/aim and undesired)

A
  1. Desired: large, wel exposed, canopy surface
  2. Desired: Good leaf/fruit ratio
  3. Desired: suitable for mechanical practises
  4. Undesired: shade of adjacent canopies or cluster zone
17
Q

What are the main factors having effect on photosynthesis in terms of environment? (4)

A

Sunlight (radiation)
Temperature
Balance atmospheric vapor pressure deficit
Soil water status

18
Q

In what way do leaves have influence on photosynthesis? (3)

A

Leaf age
Morphology (primary or secondary)
Location (inside or outside the canopy)

19
Q

Name 6 summer pruning operations

A

Bud removal
Shoot removal
Trellising
Hedging
Leaf removal
Grape thinning (green harvest)

20
Q

Name the three places where shoots can be removed in the summer?

A

The arm (secondary shoots)
The head of the trunk
The base of the trunk

21
Q

How often is the shoot lifting being done? And when?

A

2x
Before and around flowering

22
Q

What are the objectives of wire/shoot lifting? (3)

A

Improve microclimate canopy
Improve grapes exposure to light
Making tractor passing easier

23
Q

What are the objectives of leaf removal? (3)

A
  1. Improve sanitary status of the grapes by more grape exposure, air, chemical efficiency
  2. Change berry composition, tannin, anthocyanin and aroma precursors
  3. Reduce yield
24
Q

Is leaf removal more effective early in the season (fruitset) or late in the season (veraison)?

A

Early
Less risk for bunch rot
Increase and stability of polyphenols
Decrease of IBMP, Increase of floral aromas

25
Q

What is the risk of late bud removal?

A

Necrosis & risk of wood disease
Due to large pruning wounds.

26
Q

Why is it important to be on time with moving the free wires in the trellis system?

A

Otherwise it will take a lot more time due to lignified tendrils being attached to the wire

27
Q

How does leaf removal lead to lower yields?

A

Early exposure of sun to the inflorescence will induce reduction of flowering

28
Q

Which leaves are removed during leaf removal late in the season, young or old? Why?

A

Young
Because only young leaves produce sugar at the upper part of the canopy. You want to reduce sugar content.

29
Q

The earlier you expose grapes to the sun the …

A

the better they are resistant to sunburn. The thicker the skins, the more polyphenols and anthocyanin

30
Q

How much gr/l sugar do you need to raise the degree of alcohol with 1%

A

17 gr/l

VITICULTURE (9 decks)

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