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VITICULTURE > IRRIGATION > Flashcards

IRRIGATION Flashcards

1
Q

Why is water important for the vine? (3)

A

Transpiration
Production carbohydrates (around 5%)
Creates pathway for nutrient uptake

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2
Q

When do you reach field capacity (FC)

A

Field capacity its reached after all the water is drained from the macro pores.

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3
Q

What is meant by the total available water?

A

All the water in the soil between field capacity and the permanent wilting point

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4
Q

Give the amount of bars for saturation, field capacity, refill point and wilting point

A

Saturation: 0 bar (free draining water)
FC: -0.1 bar (readily available water)
RP: -1.0 bar (poorly available water)
WP: -15.0 bar (wilting point)

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5
Q

What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion when talking about capillary rise?

A

Adhesion: attracts water to solid parts
Cohesion: keeps molecules of water together

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6
Q

What is capillary rise?

A

the amount of water that can be pulled up in relation to the diameter of the ‘pipe’

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7
Q

What is the difference between transpiration and evapotranspiration?

A

Transpiration (vine) is an active process, evapotranspiration (soil) is not

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8
Q

How does a vine suck up water?

A

Transpiration causes suction in the ‘tubes’ that actively sucks up water from the roots. The suction by transpiration must be greater.
A NEGATIVE PRESSURE IS A HIGHER SUCTION

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9
Q

What is meant by stomata conductance?

A

How easily there can be exchange in the stomata

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10
Q

What is crucial when assessing water needs for the vines? (soil)

A

To take the waterholding capacity into account from all the soil layers

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11
Q

At which moment has waterstress the biggest impact on yield and vegetative development?

A

Post flowering
Pre veraison

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12
Q

How can waterstress be indicated with the appearance of the shoots? (4)

A

No new leaf production and shoot tip will fall
Shorter shoots
Smaller diameter shoots
Lateral shoots will dry and fall

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13
Q

How do leaves indicate waterstress? (5)

A

Leaf formation will slow down
Leaves in direct sunlight feel hot
Leaves will become pale (bleached green color)
Leaves will become scorched
Basal leaves will become chlorotic and fall

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14
Q

Name a few (4) ways how waterstress be indicated by the fruit?

A

Smaller grape berries
Loose clusters
Veraison might be delayed
Shrivelled berries

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15
Q

In what way has the leaf area of the vine an influence on the water use?

A

The bigger the leaf area the higher the need for water

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16
Q

Name 4 ways to measure soil moisture

A

Gravimetric
Volumetric
Matric potential
Remote sensing

17
Q

What is the maximum amount of waterstress a vine can handle (bar)?

A

-5 bar

18
Q

What is the best moment of the day to measure leaf water potential?

A

Pre-sunrise because at that stage the vine is still in ‘balance’

19
Q

If tendrils are surpassing the shoot tips, what does that tell you?

A

Canopy in rapid growth and no water limitation

20
Q

What is the general range for soil water holding capacity?

A

100-500mm

21
Q

What is the risk of flood irrigation?

A

If the land is not very equal, it will cause some parts of the vineyard to receive more water than other

22
Q

At which periods can irrigation be necessary? (5)

A

End of winter
Prior to bloom (to ensure shoot growth)
Post bloom to harvest
Close to harvest (to avoid shrivelling)
Post harvest, when canopy is still active (storage)

23
Q

Which two rootstocks are the most resistant to drought?

A

1103 P
140 Ru
Both crossing between berlandieri and rupestris

24
Q

Which rootstocks are the least resistant to drought?

A

Riparia Gloire
101-14 (widely used)
3309C

25
Q

Explain transpiration control

A

Stomata control
Abscisic acid is produced in the roots and goes to the leaves. Close to permanent wilting point the leaves stores this acid and causes the stomata to close (stop transpiration and losing water)

26
Q

Why are 100% gravel soils not suitable for viticulture?

A

Because every vineyard need at some depth a subsoil that can store water.

27
Q

How much days after irrigation are is the stomata control back to normal?

A

2-3 days

28
Q

How much rain needs a vineyard for profitable viticulture?

A

300-500mm

29
Q

Do you prefer a small or big irrigation amount before a heatwave?

A

Big. In order to create reservoir for the vine

30
Q

What is the best moment to irrigate? (time of day/temp)

A

When it is cool

31
Q

Why can iron rich soils be reddish or blue/grey color?

A

Roots consume oxygen so they reduce the iron. It makes the soil grey/blue

32
Q

How can waterstress increase astringency in the final wine?

A

Water stress causes smaller bunches/berries. So less flesh and more skin. Higher amount of tannin in final wine

VITICULTURE (9 decks)

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