VII - Genetic and Pediatric Diseases Flashcards

Question

Marfan Syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p.230

Answer 1

An autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissues characterized by abnormally long legs, arms and fingers, joint hyperextensibility, pectus excavatum, lens subluxation (Ectopia lentis) and increased risk of aortic dissection. *SEE SLIDE 7.3

Answer 2

Integral component of elastic fibers defective in Marfan Syndrome.

Answer 3

Fibrillin 1 is encoded by what gene?

Answer 4

A collection of disorders caused by defects in collagen synthesis or structure, characterized by hyperextensible skin and joint hypermobility, rupture of internal organs and poor wound healing. *SEE SLIDE 7.4

Answer 5

This autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism is characterized by inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, strong mousy or musty odor of urine and sweat, decreased pigmentation of hair and skin, eczema, seizures and mental retardation.

Answer 6

This autosomal dominant disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene that specifies the receptor for LDL, impairing the intracellular transport and catabolism of LDL.

Answer 7

Enzyme deficient in classic PKU.

Answer 8

An autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism characterized by jaundice, liver damage, cataracts, neural damage, vomiting and diarrhea.

Answer 9

Deficiency of this enzyme can also cause symptoms of phenylketonuria due to decreased synthesis of a cofactor in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.

Answer 10

Enzyme deficient in galactosemia.

Answer 11

Lysosomal storage disease due to deficiency of glucosylceramidase.

Answer 12

Lysosomal storage disease due to deficiency of B-Hexosaminidase A.

Answer 13

Lysosomal storage disease due to deficiency of a-Galactosidase A.

Answer 14

Lysosomal storage disease due to deficiency of Sphingomyelinase.

Answer 15

Lysosomal storage disease common among Ashkenazi Jews characterized by motor weakness, mental retardation, blindness, neurologic dysfunction and death.

Answer 16

Lysosomal storage disease characterized by accumulation of glucosylceramide in mononuclear phagocytic cells, which enlarge, forming "wrinkled tissue paper" cytoplasmic appearance. *SEE SLIDE 7.6

Answer 17

What do you call the pathognomonic cell characterized by "wrinkled tissue paper" cytoplasmic appearance. *SEE SLIDE 7.6

Answer 18

These disorders result from the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in many tissues including the liver, spleen, heart, blood vessels, brain, cornea and joints. Affected patients have coarse facial features.

Answer 19

Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by corneal clouding, coronary arterial and valvular depositions, which occurs due to deficiency of a-L-iduronidase, leading to accumulation of dermatan and heparan sulfate.

Answer 20

An X-linked mucopolysaccharidosis which is due to a deficiency of L-iduronate sulfatase. Symptoms are similar to Hurler syndrome, but without corneal clouding.

Answer 21

Glycogen storage disease characterized by hepatomegaly, renomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia, leading to gout and skin xanthomas.

Answer 22

von Gierke's disease is due to a deficiency of what enzyme?

Answer 23

Glycogen storage disease characterized by accumulation of glycogen in skeletal muscles leading to painful cramps during strenuous exercise and myoglobinuria.

Answer 24

Glycogen storage disease characterized by mild hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, muscle hypotonia, and may lead to cardiorespiratory failure.

Answer 25

Enzyme deficient in McArdle syndrome.

Answer 26

These disorders may result from alterations in the number or structure of chromosomes and may affect autosomes or sex chromosomes.

Answer 27

These disorders may result from alterations in the number or structure of chromosomes and may affect autosomes or sex chromosomes.

Answer 28

It is a term used to describe the presence of two or more populations of cells in the same individual.

Answer 29

This refers to a lack of one chromosome of the normal complement (e.g. XO).

Answer 30

This refers to the presence of three copies of a particular chromosome, instead of two.

Answer 31

This mechanism occurs due to the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis stage 1 or 2.

Answer 32

This mechanism implies transfer of a part of one chromosome to another chromosome.

Answer 33

This mechanism involves loss of a portion of a chromosome.

Answer 34

Patients with this syndrome have severe mental retardation, flat facial profile, epicanthic folds, cardiac malformations, increased risk of leukemia, and premature development of Alzheimer's disease.

Answer 35

Down syndrome is also called _________

Answer 36

Trisomy 18 is also called ________ syndrome.

Answer 37

Trisomy 13 is also called _________ syndrome.

Answer 38

Syndrome characterized by a prominent occiput, low set ears, micrognathia, rocker-bottom feet, renal malformation, mental retardation and heart defects.

Answer 39

Syndrome characterized by mental retardation, microcephaly, micropthalmia, polydactyly, cleft lip and palate, cardiac and renal defects, umbillical hernia and rocker-bottom feet.

Answer 40

Syndrome characterized by thymic hypoplasia with diminished T-cell immunity and parathyroid hypoplasia with hypocalcemia.

Answer 41

Syndrome characterized by congenital heart disease affecting outflow tracts, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay.

Answer 42

Deletion of genes from this chromosome gives rise to DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes.

Answer 43

The q from 22q11.2 refers to ________.

Answer 44

Syndrome defined as male hypogonadism that develops when there are at least two X chromosomes and one or more Y chromosomes.

Answer 45

Syndrome manifested by a eunochoid body habitus, reduced facial, body and pubic hair, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, decreased serum testorerone and increased urinary gonadotropin levels. It is the most common cause of hypogonadism in males.

Answer 46

Most common chromosomal derangement in Klinefelter syndrome.

Answer 47

Syndrome which results from the partial or complete monosomy of the short arm of the X chromosome.

Answer 48

Inheritance associated with mitochondrial DNA.

Answer 49

Neurodegenerative disease which manifests as progressive bilateral loss of central vision that leads to blindness. This is the prototypical disorder of mutations in mitochondrial genes.

Answer 50

Inheritance associated with mitochondrial DNA.

Answer 51

An epigenetic process wherein certain genes are differentially "inactivated" during paternal and maternal gametogenesis.

Answer 52

This refers to transcriptional silencing of the maternal allele.

Answer 53

Refers to the transcriptional silencing of the paternal allele.

Answer 54

Syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, hypotonia, obesity, small hands and feet, and hypogonadism. Paternal imprinting.

Answer 55

Syndrome manifested as mental retardation, ataxic gait, seizures and inappropriate laughter. Also called the "happy puppet syndrome". Maternal imprinting.

Answer 56

These represent primary errors of morphogenesis due to an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. *SEE SLIDE 7.10

Answer 57

These result from secondary destruction of an organ or body region that was previously normal in development, due to an extrinsic disturbance in morphogenesis. *SEE SLIDE 7.11

Answer 58

These are due to generalized compression of the growing fetus by abnormal biomechanical forces, for example uterine constraint. *SEE SLIDE 7.12

Answer 59

This refers to multiple congenital anomalies that result from secondary effects of a single localized aberration in organogenesis. The initiating event may be a malformation, deformation or disruption.

Answer 60

This refers to the presence of several defects that cannot be explained on the basis of a single localizing initiating error in morphogenesis.

Answer 61

Elements of the TORCH complex.

Answer 62

Most common cause of neonatal mortality.

Answer 63

Second most common cause of neonatal mortality.

Answer 64

Lungs of infants with this disease are normal size but are heavy and relatively airless. They have a mottled purple color, with poorly developed atelectatic alveoli.

Answer 65

Characteristic eosinophilic membranes line the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and random alveoli, which contain necrotic epithelial cells admixed with extravasated plasma proteins. *SEE SLIDE 7.13

Answer 66

Two well known complications of high concentration ventilator administered oxygen in infants suffering from RDS.

Answer 67

Characteristic lesion in the retina of infants suffering from retrolental fibroplasia?

Answer 68

Main component of pulmonary surfactant.

Answer 69

Characteristic abnormality in bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 70

What is the fundamental abnormality in neonatal RDS?

Answer 71

This condition occurs more commonly in very-low-birth-weight infants, as a result of intestinal ischemia, bacterial colonization of gut and formula milk feeding.

Answer 72

Microscopic features of NEC.

Answer 73

Defined as the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough investigation.

Answer 74

Characteristic findings include multiple petechiae of the thymus, visceral and parietal pleura and epicardium, congested lungs with vascular engorgement with or without pulmonary edema. There is also hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus.

Answer 75

Results from antibody-induced hemolytic disease in the newborn that is caused by blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus, leading to edema fluid accumulation.

Answer 76

Erythroid precursors with large homogenous, intranuclear inclusions and a surrounding peripheral rim of residual chromatin can be seen in the bone marrow aspirate of an infant infected with this virus. This leads to development of non-immune hydrops.

Answer 77

Isolated postnuchal fluid accumulation in fetuses with hydrops.

Answer 78

A lethal condition characterized by generalized edema of the fetus.

Answer 79

Increased hematopoietic activity leading to the presence of large number of immature red cells, including reticulocytes, normoblasts and erythroblasts. Characteristic finding in fetal anemia-associated hydrops.

Answer 80

Primary gene defect in cystic fibrosis.

Answer 81

Lungs with extensive mucous plugging and dilated tracheobronchial tree. Pancreatic ducts dilated and plugged with eosinophilic mucin, atrophic parenchymal glands replaced by fibrous tissue. Azoospermia, infertility, and bilateral absence of the vas deferens in males are some of the features of this disease.

Answer 82

Patients with cystic fibrosis are prone to developing infections caused by these three organisms.

Answer 83

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

Answer 84

Most common tumors of infancy.

Answer 85

Microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations.

Answer 86

Port wine stains are associted with these syndromes. (2) *SEE SLIDE 7.14

Answer 87

This refers to an excessive but focal overgrowth of cells and tissues native to the organ in which it occurs.

Answer 88

Large, flat to elevated, irregular, red-blue masses in the skin. *SEE SLIDE 7.14

Answer 89

These represent the lymphatic counterpart of hemangiomas characterized as cystic and cavernous spaces lined by endothelial cells and surrounded by lymphoid aggregates,usually containing pale fluid.

Answer 90

What do you call the rosettes found in neuroblastomas?

Answer 91

Most common germ cell tumors of childhood,associated with meningocoele and spina bifida.

Answer 92

Tumors arising from neural crest cells. Composed of small, primitive-appearing cells with dark nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and poorly defined cell borders growing in solid sheets within a finely fibrillar matrix (neuropil). *SEE SLIDE 7.16

Answer 93

This is used in the screening of patients with neuroblastoma.

Answer 94

Differentiated lesions containing more large cells with vesicular nuclei and abundant eoinophilic cytoplasm, in the absence of neuroblasts, usually accompanied by mature spindle shaped Schwann cells.

Answer 95

Disseminated neuroblastoma with multiple cuteaneous metastases with deep blue discoloration to the skin.

Answer 96

This tumor is composed of small, round cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm, with characteristic structures consisting of clusters of cuboidal or short columnar cells arranged around a CENTRAL LUMEN. The nuclei are displaced away from the lumen, which appears to have a limiting membrane. *SEE SLIDE 7.17

Answer 97

Rosettes in retinoblastoma are called _______. *SEE SLIDE 7.17

Answer 98

Clinicial findings include poor vision, strabismus, whitish hue to the pupils ("cat's eye reflex"), pain and tenderness to the eye. *SEE SLIDE 7.18

Answer 99

Most common primary tumor of the kidney in children.

Answer 100

Components of the WAGR syndrome.

Answer 101

Presents grossly as a large, solitary, well-circumscribed mass. On cut-section, tumor is soft, homogenous, and tan to gray, with occasional foci of hemorrhage, cystic degeneration and necrosis.

Answer 102

Microscopically, a combination of blastemal, stromal and epithelial cell types is observed. (Triphasic combination) Blastemal components described as sheets of small blue cells with few distinctive features. Stromal cells are fibrocytic or myxoid in nature. Epithelial cells take the form of abortive tubules or glomeruli. *SEE SLIDE 7.19

Answer 103

Associated with inactivation of the WT1 gene of chromosome 11p13.

Answer 104

Patient presents with mental retardation, motor incoordination, and blindness. Ophthalmologic exam showeed cherry-red spots on the macula. Brain showed neurons ballooned with cytoplasmic vacuoles. What is the enzyme deficiency? *SEE SLIDE 7.20

Answer 105

An 18 y/o male was recently diagnosed with a genetic disorder. His parents do not manifest the disease, but one of his parent carries the gene with phenotypic expression. Some of his relatives manifest the same disease but with different presentation. What type of Mendelian disorder does the patient most likely have?

Answer 106

True or False. Male patient with hemophilia does not transmit the disorder to his sons, but all daughters are carriers.

Answer 107

True or False. Female hemophilia carrier will transmit the disease to half her sons and half her daughter.

Answer 108

True or False. Female hemophilia carrier will manifest with decrease Factor VIII.

Answer 109

True or False. In female hemophilia carrier, only one of the X chromosome shows abnormality.

Answer 110

True or False. In X-linked disorders, female carriers are usually protected because of random inactivation of one X chromosome.

Answer 111

True or False. In X-linked disorders, heterozygous female carrier will never manifest the disease.

Answer 112

A 26 y/o male was referred to a cardiologist due to presence of murmur at the aortic area. On history, patient suffered from severe myopia at the age of 6. His development was normal except that he was taller than the rest of his family members and friends. Examination of abdomen showed visible pulsation above the umbilicus. The most striking feature in this syndrome is:

Answer 113

The most life-threatening feature of Marfan syndrome

Answer 114

The 2 most common lesions of Marfan Syndrome

Answer 115

A 4 y/o male presented with cutaneous xanthomas on the extensor surfaces of his arms, knees, and elbow since he was 1 year old. He was found to have serum cholesterol greater than 1000 mg/dl and triglyceride level of 170 mg/dl. Both parents had high cholesterol levels. What is the cause of hypercholesterolemia in this condition?

Answer 116

A 6 mo old infant presented with failure to thrive, vomiting, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. Progressive deterioration of the infant led to death. Autopsy finding showed lipid laden phagocytic foam cells widely distributed in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, GIT and lungs. Tissue cells are enlarged, with innumerable vacuoles staining for fat, and lysosome contain concentric lamellated myelin figures. The patient is deficient of what enzyme?

Answer 117

A 1 y/o infant succumbed to death. Autopsy finding showed shrunken gyri and widened sulci. There is vacuolation and ballooning of neurons noted. Cells are enlarged with innumerable small vacuoles of uniform size, imparting foaminess to the cytoplasm. This is a case of:

Answer 118

Presents with fractures, bone pain and thrombocytopenia. Morphologic findings of distended phagocytic cells and have fibrillary type of cytoplasm, intensely positive for PAS staining.

Answer 119

A 21 y/o female of short stature presented with primary amenorrhea, shield-shaped chest, "thick neck", and absence of secondary female characteristics. Estrogen level were decreased, while FSH and LH are increased. What is the most likely diagnosis? *SEE SLIDE 7.8

Answer 120

The most common chromosomal disorder

Answer 121

The most common genetic cause of mental retardation.

Answer 122

Most common pathogenesis of Trisomy 21

Answer 123

Most common congenital heart defects in Trisomy 21

Answer 124

Why are patients with DiGeorge syndrome has T-cell immunodeficiency?

Answer 125

A 14 y/o male presented with gynecomastia and small testes. He was noted to have difficulties in school when he was 8. He was tall for his age. You would suspect:

Answer 126

Classic karyotype patttern of Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 127

Single most important cause of primary amenorrhea

Answer 128

Most important cause of increased mortality in children with Turner syndrome.

Answer 129

Patient presents with mental retardation, long face with large mandible, large everted ears, and large testicles. *SEE SLIDE 7.21. The most likely diagnosis is:

Answer 130

Most distinctive feature of Fragile X syndrome

Answer 131

The neonate was noted to have microcephaly, short palpebral fissure, maxillary hypoplasia, growth retardation, and psychomotor disturbances. The mother denies intake of drugs during pregnancy. SEE SLIDE 7.22. The most likely cause

Answer 132

Deficiency in homogentisic oxidase results in this condition which manifests black discoloration of the urine

Answer 133

Most common cause of respiratory distress in the newborn

Answer 134

This teratogenic drug disrupts expression of homeobox (HOX) proteins implicated in the patterning of limbs, vertebrae, and craniofacial structures.

Answer 135

Most commonly responsible for fetal growth restriction.

Answer 136

Most common maternal condition associated with SGA infants

Answer 137

A 28 week old male delivered via CS by a diabetiic mother presented with dyspnea and cyanosis. Fine rales are heard over both lung fields. CXR revealed uniform minute reticulogranular densities, producing a ground glass appearance. The fundamental defect in this condition is:

Answer 138

The most common cause of mortality in children ages 1-4 years old.

Answer 139

A 28 week old male dies 20 hours after birth. Autopsy findings showed a solid, airless, and reddish purple lungs with poorly developed alveoli. Necrotic cellular debris incorporated within eosinophilic hyaline membranes lines the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. SEE SLIDE 7.13. The most likely cause of death of the neonae is:

Answer 140

Premature infant, bottle-fed, developed bloody stool, abdominal distention. Abdominal radiograph showed pneumotis intestinalis. Diagnosis:

Answer 141

Morphology: intestinal segment is distended, friable and congested, with transmural coagulative necrosis, ulceration, bacterial colonization, and submucosal bubbles.

Answer 142

Most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis and early-onset bacterial meningitis

Answer 143

The most serious threat of fetal hydrops

Answer 144

Most common site of neuroblastoma

Answer 145

Presents with a large abdominal mass crossing the midline, hematuria, intestinal obstruction, and hypertension.

Answer 146

A 22 year old male consults an ophthalmologist for sudden blindness on the right. He is found to have lens subluxation. He is unusually tall and lean, with long limbs and fingers. These findings are due to abnormalities in fibrillin 1, which is secreted by (A) megakaryocytes (B) fibroblasts (C) histiocytes (D) fibroclasts

Answer 147

A lysosomal storage disease with a mutation in the gene that encodes glucosylceramidase presents with an accumulation of glucosylceramide in mononuclear phagocytic cells in the liver, spleen, and marrow. These pathognomonic cells are (A) enlarged, with a "wrinkled tissue paper" cytoplasm (B) epithelioid, with "slipper-shaped" nuclei (C) multinucleated, with 8 to 20 nuclei (D) studded with reddish brown cytoplasmic granules

Answer 148

A baby is born with epicanthic folds, flat facial profile, simian crease, and a gap between the first and second toe. Auscultation reveals a holosystolic murmur. The clinical findings are due to an extra chromosome that is most commonly caused by (A) meiotic duplication (B) meiotic nondisjunction (C) fertilization by two spermatozoa (D) translocation

Answer 149

A premature female neonate admitted at the PICU develops sepsis, with blood cultures showing growth of Candida sp. She is also found to be persistently hypocalcemic. She dies on her 7th day. On autopsy, she was found to have fungal endocarditis and thymic hypoplasia. She most likely has (A) an extra chromosome 22 (B) a deletion in chromosome 22 (C) a 9:22 chromosomal translocation (D) a duplication in chromosome 22

Answer 150

A stillborn fetus is found to have polydactyly, an umbilical hernia, and cleft lip and palate. Autopsy showed a ventral septal defect, renal dysplasia, and holoprosencephaly. Karyotyping will likely show (A) Monosomy X (B) Deletion in chromosome 5 (C) Trisomy 13 (D) Trisomy 18

Answer 151

A 19 year old female consults a gynecologist for primary amenorrhea. Apart from her short stature, there are no other unusual clinical findings. Why must Turner Syndrome be ruled out? (A) mosaicism or partial monosomy may produce a mild form of the syndrome (B) 45,X abnormalities manifest in only half of females by the age of 18 (C) when combined with Fragile X, the typical features such as neck webbing and cubitus valgus are masked (D) supplementation with folate during gestation masks the typical features of neck webbing and cubitus valgus

Answer 152

A stillborn male fetus delivered to a 41 year old G7P7 is found to have flattened facies and clubbed feet. Autopsy showed renal agenesis and pulmonary hypoplasia. What is the main culprit of the findings in the fetus? (A) maternal age (B) multiparity (C) renal agenesis (D) pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 153

A G3P3 mother has premature rupture of membranes at 35 weeks age of gestation, and delivers a live baby boy with poor APGAR scores. The obstetrician delivered a placenta with dull-looking membranes, which showed chorioamnionitis on histopathology. Culture of which organism from the placental tissue suggests an transcervical origin of infection? (A) Group B Streptococcus (B) Toxoplasma (C) Plasmodium (D) Rubella

Answer 154

A G1P1 preeclamptic mother delivers a live baby boy at 27 weeks age of gestation. The baby develops respiratory distress a few minutes later and is admitted at the PICU. He dies the next day, and is sent for autopsy. Which of the following supports respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? (A) thickened alveolar septa with lymphocytic infiltrates (B) alveolar spaces filled with neutrophils (C) eosinophilic material lining the alveolar walls (D) hemosiderin laden macrophages in the alveolar spaces

Answer 155

A premature male neonate who was delivered at 33 weeks AOG and admitted at the PICU develops abdominal distention, bloody stools, and hypotension. An abdominal radiograph shows gas within the intestinal wall. What is the expected histologic findings of the involved intestine? (A) coagulative necrosis of the mucosa and muscularis (B) arteriovenous fistulas in the submucosa (C) melanosis of the mucosa (D) crypt abscesses and noncaseating granulomas

Answer 156

What is the most common autopsy finding in sudden infant death syndrome? (A) patent ductus arteriosus (B) multiple petechiae in the thymus and pleural surfaces (C) bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (D) flattening of gyri in the cerebral cortex

Answer 157

How does parvovirus B19 infection cause fetal hydrops? (A) it causes a chronic myocarditis leading to heart failure (B) it infects the lymphatic ducts causing peripheral fluid accumulation (C) it causes placental villi atrophy, exposing the fetal circulation to maternal antibodies (D) it infects erythroid precursors, causing anemia

Answer 158

A 4 month old infant with abdominal enlargement presents with multiple bluish-gray subcutaneous nodules. Workup showed a 10 cm mass in the paravertebral region. Biopsy of the nodules showed small round cells with dark nuclei scanty cytoplasm, some forming rosettes arranged in a finely fibrillar matrix. SEE SLIDE 7.15. Immunohistochemical studies showed the cells to be positive for neuron specific enolase and negative for leucocyte common antigen. These tumor cells are derived from (A) antigen presenting cells in the dermis (B) neural crest (C) nephrogenic rests (D) lymphoid precursors

Answer 159

A 2 year old male is noticed to have a whitish pupil on photographs. Workup showed a tumor in the posterior chamber. The eye is enucleated, and the tumor shows sheets of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Occasional clustering around central lumens are seen. On further history, a cousin also had a similar tumor and died. The patient has an increased risk of developing which tumour later in life: (A) hepatoblastoma (B) pheochromocytoma (C) osteosarcoma (D) Wilms tumour

Answer 160

A 4 year old female undergoes left nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. Which of the following findings in the nephrectomy specimen is associated with an increased risk of developing the same tumor in the right kidney? (A) nephrogenic rests (B) abortive tubules or glomeruli (C) extensive fibrosis (D) adipose tissue, cartilage, and osteoid

Answer 161

Marfan syndrome is to fibrillin as Ehlers-Danlos is to _____

Answer 162

Abnormal proteins in hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 163

Abnormal proteins in SCID

Answer 164

Fragmentation of the elastic fibers in the tunica media of the aorta seen in (but not specific for) Marfan Syndrome

Answer 165

ABSORBS or SECRETES: The CFTR protein in sweat glands ____ chloride

Answer 166

ABSORBS or SECRETES: The CFTR protein in the lungs and intestinal epithelium _____ chloride

Answer 167

While S. aureus, H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa are the three most common organisms that cause lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, this opportunistic bacterium can also infect patients and can cause fulminant illness called Cepacia Syndrome.

Answer 168

Parts of the brain prone to bilirubin deposition in hyperbilirubinemia