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U.S History > Vietnam War > Flashcards

Vietnam War Flashcards

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1
Q

France

A

Vietnam was under the control of France until Japan took it over because France was overwhelmed by Hitler already. After Japan leaves, France retakes Vietnam and the U.S aids the French multiple times because we want them to fight against Vietnam’s fight for independence.

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2
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Communist leader in North Vietnam; formed the Vietnam to work for independence.

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3
Q

Domino Theory

A

Eisenhower announces this and it means that if communism settles in one country, other countries nearby will follow. We want to contain communism

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4
Q

Ngo Dinh Diem

A

Is the president of South Vietnam and lost support in S. Vietnam and the US as corruption in his gov’t becomes evident. Vietnamese Buddhists monks protest Diem’s corruption persecution of opposition, Buddhists, and lack of free elections.

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5
Q

Viet Cong

A

residents of S. Vietnam who opposed Diem and supported Ho Chi Minh and the communist forces of N. Vietnam; fight against S. Vietnam gov’t and later American forces.

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6
Q

President Eisenhower

A

Eisenhower sends money to France and the first “military advisors” to S. Vietnam to train the South Vietnamese to fight

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7
Q

President Kennedy

A

President Kennedy sends more US “military advisors” to S. Vietnam to help train South Vietnam’s soldiers to fight the communist Vietcong

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8
Q

President Johnson- first combat troops

A

Gulf of Tonkin gives pres. Johnson power to use military to respond to attacks on US forces. Johnson begins first bombing of N. Vietnam; begins sending American combat troops to fight in Vietnam; goal to force N. Vietnam to negotiate peace agreement.

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9
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

Issued by congress after N. Vietnam torpedo attack on US ship (USS Maddox) in Gulf gives pres. Johnson power to use military to respond to attacks on US forces.

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10
Q

Operation Rolling Thunder

A

Johnson begins first bombing of N. Vietnam; begins sending American combat troops to fight in Vietnam; goal to force N. Vietnam to negotiate peace agreement.

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11
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

Ambushing, hit and run, surprise attacks at night, kind of fighting Vietcong used

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12
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A

Trails and pathways from N. Vietnam to transport weapons, supplies, etc. to Vietcong fighters in S. Vietnam

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13
Q

Credibility Gap

A

Public becomes concerned about difference between what they see happening in Vietnam on TV and what the gov’t reports

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14
Q

Agent Orange, Napalm

A

defoliant- type of chemical that makes a plant lose its leaves- goal to see more clearly (hideouts)
Controversies- causes health problems (cancer, birth defects, environmental issues)
Napalm- Gasoline based explosive, has consistency of pudding and would stick to you, burn skin.

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15
Q

“the living room war”

A

footage on evening news

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16
Q

Helicopters

A

huge part in the war. Advanced carry 6-8 soldiers gets them into/out of strategic spots, and helps to transport wounded out.

17
Q

William Westmoreland

A

General in V. War

18
Q

Robert McNamara

A

Secretary of Defense

19
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

Secretary of State

20
Q

Deferment- definition, different types, conscientious objectors

A

Deferment- to put off or delay, 3 types
Medical Deferment
College Deferment
Conscientious objectors- objected to war based on (religious) beliefs

21
Q

Draft Dodgers

A

Opposed war, didn’t show up to draft burned draft cards, protested, escape to Canada.

22
Q

Hawks and doves

A

War Protests, The ones who wanted war were known as the “Hawks” and who didn’t were known as the “Doves.”

23
Q

Tet Offensive- effects, troop request

A

Major offensive by the Vietcong and N.V on the Vietnamese New Year “Tet”
Coordinated attacks all overs S. Vietnam
Many Americans killed
Westmoreland request 200,000 more troops
News footage of the fighting changes opinions of war in the US

24
Q

Walter Cronkite

A

Beloved newscast host, this is the one time he gives his opinion, “this war appears to be a stalemate” he wants to withdrawal from Vietnam peacefully.

25
Q

Election of 1968- Issues, Why didn’t Johnson run

A

Issues- Vietnam War, Civil Rights Movement
“Great Society” programs to fight poverty.
Johnson decides not to seek re-election as democratic candidate

26
Q

Hubert Humphrey

A

Vice President

27
Q

Robert Kennedy

A

Senator

28
Q

Democratic National Convention- Chicago, protests, candidate

A

Protest violence in the streets

Republican Richard Nixon wins 1968 election defeating Democrat Hubert Humphrey.

29
Q

Richard Nixon- wins election ‘68- campaign promises

A

Promises to withdrawal from Vietnam; “peace with honor”

re-establish “law and order”

30
Q

“the silent majority”

A

Those Americans Nixon believed supported his plans

31
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

documents are leaked to press revealing that the US gov’t had been misleading the public about the fighting in Vietnam and was not really planning to withdrawal.

32
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

American soldiers kill 400-500 civilians in village in search of Vietcong revels. Vietnamese were unarmed women, children, and the elderly
American public hears of the event- soldiers defense was that they were “following orders”, Lt. William Calley charged with murder

33
Q

Vietnamization

A

Nixon’s plan to train S. Vietnam’s military and gov’t to continue the fight against communist N. Vietnam without US involvement

34
Q

Kent State

A

Students shot by national guard troops during anti-war protests. 4 Students killed. 12 wounded- University closed for 6 weeks

35
Q

26th amendment

A

voting age lowered to 18

36
Q

The War Powers Act

A

President must inform congress within 48 hours of sending US forces into a hostile area without a declaration of war/60 day limit unless congress approves continued action or declares war

37
Q

Effects of the Vietnam War- Vietnam, US

A

Vietnam- reunited as country under a communist gov’t, Citizens displaced, refugees, Environmental and human damage from war chemicals, napalm, and agent orange
United States-
Veterans- physical effects from injuries, chemical exposure; mental effects- post-traumatic stress
Veterans- negative reception by American public who opposed the war
Political- war powers act limits president
Public- credibility of gov’t damaged US involvement in foreign conflicts always compared to Vietnam

38
Q

Vietnam War Memorial

A

Designed by Maya Lin; Inscribed with all names of those that died- 58,000 names
“The Wall”
The Three Servicemen- memorial
The Vietnam Women’s Memorial

U.S History (8 decks)

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