Early Cold War

Question 1

What name was given to the US policy after WWII of trying to resist and control the spread of communism?

Answer 1

Containment

Question 2

What practice was instituted by the film industry and other industries working for the US government to condemn people suspected of being communists and keep them from employment?

Answer 2

blacklisting

Question 3

What name was given to Pres. Kennedy’s plan for strengthening conventional US military forces to give the US more options than only nuclear weapons?

Answer 3

flexible response

Question 4

brinkmanship

Answer 4

US policy of being willing to go to the edge of all-out war; possibly use nuclear weapons to stop communication

Question 5

McCarthyism

Answer 5

spreading fear about possible comm. threats in US- fueled distrust and false accusations
Similar to Salem witch hunt in US history
Gov’t and public get tired of no real proof- McCarthy fades away

Question 6

Satellite nation

Answer 6

nations that are under the control and authority of another more powerful state “soviet sphere of influence”

Question 7

The Cold War- Definition, causes, explain ways it was fought

Answer 7

a state of hostility between nations without direct warfare; each nation tries to gain advantages through threats, propaganda, influencing other nations, military build up, proxy wars, etc.
Causes:
Philosophical Differences- communism and dictatorship v. democracy and capitalism
World War 2 Conflicts- timing of opening 2nd front in France during war (D-Day), how to manage Germany after the war, US secretly develops atomic bomb
Post War Conflicts- soviets do no hold “free” elections in Eastern Europe, US resists Soviet expansion (containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan)
“The Big Three”- Yalta Conference, decision made to divide Germany into occupation zones after end of war in Europe (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill)
It was fought through capitalism and communism and fighting to win the land. The first battle “The Berlin Crisis” Soviets want control of entire city of Berlin
Soviets end/block all road, rail, ad river traffic into West Berlin
Berlin Airlift allies fly food in

Question 8

The Iron Curtain- Winston Churchill

Answer 8

Imaginary dividing line between countries of Soviet controlled Eastern Europe and the democratic countries of Western Europe
Phrase used in a speech by Winston Churchill

Question 9

Joseph Stalin

Answer 9

was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Question 10

Harry Truman

Answer 10

Harry S. Truman became President of the United States with the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 11

The Marshall Plan – Purpose, who benefited? (article on canvas)

Answer 11

plan for the reconstruction of Europe after WW2 by providing economic aid to those countries devastated by the war- $13 billion- to encourage people that democracy is good

Question 12

The Truman Doctrine

Answer 12

Pledge that the US would provide economic aid to countries threatened by communism

Question 13

The Berlin Airlift

Answer 13

allies fly in tons of food, coal, med. supplies, etc. defying blockade until May 1949, soviets didn’t want to shoot down planes because they didn’t want another hot war

Question 14

NATO/ The Warsaw Pact

Answer 14

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military alliance formed by the democratic countries of the West for mutual protection in case of attack/war
Includes the U.S and Canada

Question 15

Changes for Military after WWII – GI Bill, Minorities, Women

Answer 15

GI Bill- “Serviceman’s Readjustment Act”
Provided benefits for veterans after WW2
Money for college or jobs training, home loans, assistance finding jobs, unemployment money
Minorities- Integration, President Truman segregation of races costing military money and efficiency; WW2 vets later become leaders in civil rights movement
Women- made permanent members of armed forces, not just support groups during war.
Creation of the Central Intelligence Agency- CIA

Question 16

Mao Zedong

Answer 16

communist leader of China

Question 17

Central Intelligence Agency

Answer 17

CIA- formally the WW2 department called the OSS (office of strategic services)
created to gather information from around the world to assist US gov’t in protecting US interests and promoting US policies

Question 18

House Un-American Activities Committee

Answer 18

created to investigate alleged disloyalty/rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

Question 19

The Hollywood Ten

Answer 19

refused to testify about themselves or co-workers- they were jailed

Question 20

The Rosenbergs

Answer 20

Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple were convicted of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines and valuable nuclear weapon

Question 21

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Answer 21

searched for “communists” in US gov’t, military etc.
claimed to have documentation/ held television hearings
liar liar pants on fire

Question 22

The 38th parallel

Answer 22

Follwoing WW2 Korean Peninsula divided at 38th parallel- USSR controls North, US controls South

Question 23

The Korean War- beginnings, United Nations/ US actions, Results

Answer 23

38th Parallel
Soviets help establish a communist gov’t in the North
Us helps establish democracy in South
Goal of both sides to United Korea into one country
Soviet trained North Korea troops invade South Korea
United Nations votes to support South Korea w/ military forces

Question 24

General Douglas MacArthur

Answer 24

Truman sends troops from Japan under command of MacArthur
Chinese send troops to help North Korean army
Stalemate develops
Truman fire MacArthur

Question 25

Reactions in American Society to Cold War fears – blacklisting, bomb shelters, “Duck and Cover”

Answer 25

Backlisting- What practice was instituted by the film industry and other industries working for the US government to condemn people suspected of being communists and keep them from employment?
Bomb Shelters- A bomb shelter is a structure designed to provide protection against the effects of a bomb.
“Duck and Cover”- “Duck and cover” is a method of personal protection against the effects of a nuclear explosion.

Question 26

Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 26

1952/1956- new president

Question 27

Richard Nixon

Answer 27

vice president next to president Dwight Eisenhower

Question 28

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 28

after Stalin dies the next leader of Soviets is Nikita

Question 29

The U-2 spy plane

Answer 29

high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency. It provides day and night, high-altitude, all-weather intelligence gathering
Francis Gary Powers

Question 30

Hydrogen bomb, ICBM

Answer 30

weapon whose enormous explosive power results from an uncontrolled self-sustaining chain reaction

Question 31

Sputnik- US reaction- NASA

Answer 31

fear of Soviets spying, launching weapons
soviets had gotten to space first
Starts the SPACE RACE
NASA created
produce satellites and rockets to compete w/ USSR
congress puts money into math and science education

Question 32

Interstate Highway System – president responsible; why was it something he wanted?

Answer 32

The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States.

Question 33

1960 Presidential Election – candidates, media importance

Answer 33

The Power of Television…
Richard M. Nixon- Rep.
Kennedy- Dem.
they focused on appearance because of television, and were required to raise more money because of the different means of advertising and campaigning.

Question 34

“The New Frontier”

Answer 34

Kennedy’s plan for the US- move ahead of Soviets in technology, space helping those in US left out of prosperity of the 1950s

Question 35

The Bay of Pigs Invasion – CIA, Kennedy, Fidel Castro

Answer 35

STRENGTHENS CASTRO’S TIES TO THE SOVIET’S
Fidel Castro- becomes leader of Cuba
Many Cubans flee as Castro creates a Communist gov. (many come to US
CIA secretly begins training Cuban rebels in the US to attack and overthrow Castro’s gov’t.
Invasion fails- CIA info was not accurate- no local uprising against Castro- Lack of US military support- fear of angering Soviets- 1,200 invaders taken prisoner

Question 36

The Berlin Wall – why built? Who ordered it?

Answer 36

People living in communist East Germany and East Berlin can easily move into West Berlin; from there they can go anywhere… including the U.S
Khrushchev is determined to stop the “drain” of people from communist countries in to West Berlin
The East German gov’t began building a “wall” through the city and around the perimeter of West Berlin- first with barbed wire, later with concrete blocks

Question 37

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 37

Soviets put Missile’s in Cuba. (ICBM)- intercontinental Ballistic Missile
We had Missile’s in Turkey (right next to Soviets) which made them angry

Question 38

Mutually Assured Destruction

Answer 38

would keep each country from launching a nuclear attack

Question 39

“The Hotline”

Answer 39

it connected the US- white house and USSR- the Kremlin

Purpose- give us and the USSR a fast, direct line of communication if there are concerning situations in the world.