Videos part 3 Flashcards

Question

Umbira Colli di Trasimeno

Answer 1

Craft all different styles of wines including deep reds with high alc

Answer 2

* Common thread of white grapes is thick skins * Umbrian white wines have unique diverse structure expressed with phenolic content

Answer 3

* Impossible to know if they mean grechetto di todi (clone G5) or grechetto di orvieto (Clone G109) * Hisotrically the same but are actually unique varieties * **ESSENTIAL = they are not clones of the same variety even though that’s what they go by. Distinct varieties that may share a parent/child relationship** * They look and behave different

Answer 4

* “Grechetto Gentile” small compact bunches with fat berries looks like pinecone * Emilia-Romagna = grapes origin place called pignoletto * Now its called Grechetto gentile * Thick skins, high texture/extract, delicate aromas, moderate to high acid * Grown throughout region

Answer 5

* Long, open bunches * Native to area around orvieto DOC * Planted throughout the region and is the backbone of the Orvieto wines * Higher acidity and smaller berries than Grechetto di Todi * Has thick skins with elegant and distinctive structure * Prone to botrytis * Delicate white flower, tree fruit and citrus aromas

Answer 6

* Ancient biotype of trebbiano toscano and is the backbone of the historical orvieto appellation * More complex than high yielding Tuscan clones * Child of garganega * High in acidity + Delicate neutral aromas * Prone to botrytis with long loose bunches * Almost always a blending variety with less acid varieties or producing sweet wines (vendemmia tadiva and muffa nobile wines of orvieto) * Although delicate and neutral, it can give stories of terroir When yields are kept low you get aromatic variation based on soil type * Volcanic- stone fruit and mushroom * Almond – clay terroir

Answer 7

* Native to area around spoleto and Montefalco and permitted in both appellations * Revived in early 21th century through careful selection of over 600 vines from the area * Expression varies widly even in small area under vine * Aromatic intensity ranges from neutral to expressive * Relationship to Trebbiano Abbruzese * Medium to full bodied wines with tannic structure that I subtle complex aromatic and fresh acidity

Answer 8

* Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG * Montefalco DOCG * Orvieto DOC

Answer 9

* Sangiovese based red wine appellation with 3 years aging * Sand and clay soils = structure and depth * First DOCG in 1990 and one of the smallest with 5 ha under vine * 1962 Robasco vigna montiquo which put wine on the map

Answer 10

* Covers 2 red wine styles made from 100% sagrantino * Historic sweet + Contemporary dry Dry style 36 months of aging with 12 months in oak * Large botti are used to soften wine * Some producers use barrique Passito wines * Dried for 12 months and aged for 27 months, no oak necessary * 1992 DOCG

Answer 11

* Interregional shared with Lazio but 90% and all of classico zone is in Umbria * Most productive appellation with most varied terroirs * Important pilgrimage since Etruscans * 13th century, 5 popes took refuge from invaders and made orvieto their home * Wines were so well regarded * Middle 20th century – cooperatives super important 1970s – some small producers and newcomers were actively reviving old traditions, starting new ones, and taking advantage of 4 terroirs * Volcanic * Clay * Sandy clay * Alluvial

Answer 12

* Always white wines and always a blend * Min 60% grechettos and Procanico with 40% flexible array of local and international varieties * Dominate style is dry but also well known for off-dry and sweet wines * The rivers and lakes are here and so botrytis affected wines are perfect here and the **only appellation in Italy that regulates a fully botrytis affected late harvest wine**

Answer 13

Smallest region at the foot of the alps with French, Italian, and swiss influences

Answer 14

* Extreme northwest of Italy :East and west facing valley * Montebianco makes a dead-end boxed canyon in the west at 4,809 meters * Matterhorn (chirvinia) bordering Switzerland on northern end 4478 meters * Smallest wine growing region less than 500ha under vine and less than 19,000 hectaliters * Single wineries elsewhere that own more land and produce more wine than the entire region * 19th century decline in vineyard especially after world war as well as depopulation * Proximity to France and Switzerland * French and Italian spoken and the francoprovencal dilect known as val de tongue * French alpine cooking: hearty dishes like fondue, raclette, and dishes with cheese, potatoes, and cured meat

Answer 15

* Many non native grapes varieties like muller thrugau, chardonnay, gamay etc * Cooperative model is really important here with 1000s of growers owning very small portions of vines * Lots of heroic viticulture so stone terraces are used * Private wineries also play a significant role in researching and promoting native grape varieties * Viticulture dates back to 23 BC when Solassi people cultivated vines and stored wines in wooden barrels – this area appreciated by romans * Middle ages- wine gained greater importance especially with church * Tourism is vital component of economy for skiing, mountain sports, etc - One reason why small production wine is consumed locally instead of exported

Answer 16

* Area formed during alpine orogeny (100-23 million) African and eurosian techtonic plates collided Glaciers played a major role in shaping the region * Pleistocene epoch 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago the area was heavily glaciated which advanced and retreated and left behind amphitheater moraines, glacial lakes, and other deposits * Gives rugged dramatic topography * Soils are a mix of Stony gravelly debris transported by galciers

Answer 17

* Continental climate with hot summers, cold winters, extremely small rainfall due to Rian shadow effect and therefore warm and dry during growing season = emergency irrigation * Wide diurnal temp variations = preservation of acidity and vibrant aromas * Very luminous from solar radiation * Ancient Roman canals allowed for irrigation

Answer 18

* Flowing through the entire valley is the Dora Baltea river which moderates the climate on the valley floor * Viticulture thrives along both sides of river with vineyards facing south called “latosoligiato” and cooler north facing slopes called “lato ad ombra “ o Majority in luminous

Answer 19

Valle d’Aosta DOC divided into 3 broader sections * Alta Valle (west) * Media Valle (city of Aosta) * Bassa Valle (furthest East) * 1300 meters to 300-500m asl from alta to Bassa

Answer 20

* Blanc de morgex and La Salle (alta) * Enfer d’Arvier (media) – petite rouge grape * Torrette & Chambave (media) * Nus + Malvoisie (media) * Donnas (bassa) * Arnad-Montjovet (bassa)

Answer 21

Highest European vineyards 1300m asl Prie blanc grape

Answer 22

Enfer d’Arvier (media) * petite rouge grape * Refers to hell for hot microclimate * petite rouge is grape

Answer 23

* Petite rouge * Chambave Moscato * Sweet and dry wines from Moscato bianco ^

Answer 24

Donnas (bassa) * Easternmost and lowest altitude * Nebbiolo Arnad-Montjovet (bassa) * Nebbiolo (picotener = tender shoots)

Answer 25

(media) Pinot grigio

Answer 26

90Km following river

Answer 27

Wine can be labeled varietally under Valle d’Aosta DOC showing grape varietiy on label or subzone which does not display variety but has specific grape and percetge rules * Blanc de morgex and la salle = always 100% Prie blanc * Torette = min 70% petite rouge This makes it difficult to understand when labeled by subzone

Answer 28

* Still, rosso, bianco, rosato, spumante (morgex and la salle using prie blanc), * vendemmia tardiva (grapes dried on vine), * passito (“Fletchry” dried on or off the vine), * novello (basically nouveau – carbonic maceration and released early)

Answer 29

* Prie blanc * Prie Rouge (premetta) * Petite rouge * Fumin * Cornalin * Vuillermin * Mayolet * Nebbiolo

Answer 30

* Oldest documented variety in the region 1200 AD * Coming from prier (to pray) and used to not stain robes with red wine * Genetic relationships like mayolet and premetta * Grown in highest altitude sites in Europe 900-1300m asl = own rootstock since phyloxxera and survive Only grown in Morgex and La salle and grown on low pergolas known as pergola bassa where growers must kneel to tend to them. * Protects from hail and ensures ripening by taking heat from earth * Resistance to cold and frost, very early ripening * 33 ha of Prie are under cultivation with the cave mont blanc cooperative doing 90% of production

Answer 31

* Still, spumante, and sweet wines like icewines known locally as van du glase * Wines labeled by subzone or by variety * Known for searing acidity -and low aromatic intensity = great for sparkling (charmat or traditional) * Still wines are light and fresh with stainless steel but sometime oak and battonage for texture * Great age ability * Drink with Fontina cheese

Answer 32

* Name comes from primi meaning early (early ripening) * Lightest of all red grapes from region * Related to Prie blanc but other parent uncertain * Rare grapes with a few hectares planted * Early ripening, cold tolerance up to 800m asl * Dark pink with garnet, intense rose aromatic redcurrant, strawberry, low tannin, and low acidity * Usually varietally labeled

Answer 33

* Most important and widely planted native red grape * “little red one” in French * 1838 first documented * 50 ha planted in western media valley thriving on north and south facing slopes * Sensitive to sunburn, do not de leaf the vines * Usually planted on lower slopes 400-800m asl * Harvest end of September- end of October * Dark ruby, medium body, high acidity, medium + sweet tannins * Aromas of red fruit, alpine herbs, floral notes, rose, violet Varietal label or subzones * Tourette min 70% petite rouge so best examples * Enfer a’Arvier (85% petite rouge) * Both have large rock faces that absorb heat during the day offering more ripening

Answer 34

* Exclusively in Media valley * Name comes from word “smoke” from generous bloom or the smoky flavors with age * Highest quality red grape in the region and primarily a blending grape adding color, body, and flavors usually to petite rouge * 31 ha under vine * Disease resistant but thin skinned so we need lower elevations to avoid sunburn. Can be planted both north and south facing slopes * Deep ruby wines with complex dried and ripe red fruit, smokiness, spices, vanilla, leather, cloves * High tannin, rich color, and high acidity * Vinification with dried grapes is not uncommon and can add a creamier texture * Usually an anonymous partner in subzone labeled wines but sometimes monovarietal

Answer 35

* Name comes from corneola the ancient mountain gemstone or a town called Corneola * Media valley primarily * Resurrgence and one of the fastest growing varieties with 11 ha under vines * Vigorous producer with tight packed bynches * More aromatic than fumin with intense red currants, smoky and spicy notes “ricola effect” * First tannin, medium acid, and austere – needs some bottle age * It is a blending partner but also has its own sub denomination Valle d’Aosta Coralin

Answer 36

* 1890 – first documented * Primarily blending partner in media valley * Only 4 ha are planted * Medium small bunches and resistant to sunburn so south facing slopes are good * Darkest color of all valle d’aosta wines with floral notes, aromatic herbs, and red berries, with darker tar and licorice * Medium body with fresh acid and has the aromatic potential of mayolet with the ageworthy potential and structure of Cornalin

Answer 37

* One of the oldest cultivar * Name comes from family name or from “Mayola” which may mean young wine * Again extinction to Resurgence but rn a decline in popularity because its hard to grow * 1900s over 100ha and 1990 just 25ha * 7ha remain under vine today * Vigorous and early ripening but tight packed bunches = botrytis * Both north and south slopes * Usually a blending partner but when alone it is ruby red light to medium bodies with black currant alpine florals cinnamon and white pepper. It has lighter body and tannins than fumin and petite rouge

Answer 38

* Grown in Bassa valley subzones of Donnas and Arnad-Montjovet known locally as picotener or picotendro * These wines are more elegant in structure than those from Langhe/Piemonte * Very steep slopes with stone terraces that protect against erosion and keeping heat at night * Topia pergola system with wooden or stone poles maximizes limited space. Mechanization is impossible so monorails are also used .

Answer 39

* This region is an “autonomous” region which allows them special power over legislative, administrative, and financial affairs * Known as Trento and Sudtirol * Alto adige is the german speaking region whereas Trentino is more Italian * Alto adige was austo-hungarian empire and annexed by Itlay after WW1 * Domestication dating back to 400-600BC because plenty of genetic vine material being mixed over the course of history beginning with the arrival of greeks * The greeks interacted with the Etruscans who facilited the movement of viticultural material, Further north we had Raeti and Celtic tribes. * The etruscans also traded iron tools with the Raeti as well as bronze and pottery  An interesting note is that just because there are estruscan artifacts does not mean they lived there since they traded so broadly o Council of Trent – Catholic church organization reforming during protestant reformation with martin luther and led to higher quality wines? o 1874 Edmonds Mach- viticultural institute

Answer 40

* Alps and Dolomites * Largly composed of limestone rocks with lots of magnesium * It was once part of the sea floor before orogeny * Alpine climate in highest elevation, Continental in alpine valleys, sub-continental in Bassa Atesina * Due to north latitude = longer growing season * Garda provides moderating effects on central part of region * Whole of alto adige is capable of ripe rich wine styles (terlano)

Answer 41

* Val Venosta * Merano * Bolzano * Valle isarco * valdadige * Oltradige * Bassa Altesina

Answer 42

3 schiava based * Colli di Bolzano * Meranese di Collina * Santa Maddelena 3 DOCs * Terlano + terlano Classico DOC * Valle Isarco DOC * Val Venosa DOC

Answer 43

* Northwestern location of alto adige river valley which runs east to west and flanked by southwest and south facing slopes which is great * Apple orchards until 1995 * Dry with 550 mm of rain per year * 800m asl * Soil types: slate and gneiss o Infertile and sandy that are adequate for storing water * South slopes makes red wine possible 46% * Pinot noir, reisling, pinot bianco * 50ha under vine

Answer 44

* Red wines are prominent * Nestled in an ampitherater which traps heat and sunlight * 54% red with pinot noir or schiava also has sauvignon blanc, pinot blanc * Wines labeled as alto adige marnesa or suditrol meraner * Soils are porous and high in gravel on the slopes (800masl) with sand on the valley floor * 400 ha under vine

Answer 45

Central portion of adige valley Includes Terlano DOC, and towns of Andriano & Nals * Notable for long lived pinot bianco * 77% white grapes and style is mineral rich , well structured white can age Soils are variable * Terlano has volcanic porphory soil = rich, ripeness, and aromatic intense * Nals and Andriano is limestone based = sleeker focused style of wine

Answer 46

Especially warm area and has many red wine based subzones usually schiava but also lagrein * Colli di Bolzano * Santa Maddelena - comes from church or parish * Known for schiava and has the town of Gries which is known as a grand cru of Lagrein (707ha with 250-900m asl) * 63% red focused on schiava and lagrein * Gewurtz and pinot bianco does well too * Soils are poryphoric gravel on the terraces and alluvial soils in the valley * Gravel soils drain well and retain heat from sun * Bolazano has broad sun drenched valley basin that has really warm summers

Answer 47

* Northermost zone bordering alps= coolest subregion * Germanic varieties due especially well (Riesling, kerner, Sylvaner) * Abbazia di novacella wines are a reference point with an abby winemaking production dating back to 1142 * High acid wines and refreshing

Answer 48

* Heart of alto adige winemaking * Falls under alto adige DOC and Lago di Caldaro DOC * Lago di Caldaro is strictly schiava * Largest winegrowing area in alto adige with 1700ha of grapes with 300-700m asl * 61% white and 39% red wine * Pinot bianco, gewutz, and sauvignon blanc and schiave and pinot noir but in the warmest parts you can find merlot and cabernet

Answer 49

* One of the warmest zones because of lago di garda * Full bodied wines with late ripening varieties planted mostly on limestone as well as sandy marls in the south * Highest elevation vineyards at 1000m asl in alto adige * Mazzon – grand cru for pinot noir * Tramen – home of gewurtz

Answer 50

* Schiava * Teroldego * Lagrein * Marzemino * Traminer * Nosiola * Moscato

Answer 51

* comes from “wines enslaved” * A group of unrelated varieties that share certain traits * Most wines labels schiava are light colored, light bodied, and light tannin * Movement from Albarello to trellis system enhaced reputation 3 main varieities Schiava gentile * Smallest bunches + most perfumed and lightest bodied Schiava Grossa (Trollinger in germany) * Large berries Schiava Grigia * Most refined * Schiavas are the most planted grape in the alto adige and often interplanted and blened together to amke local wines * Typical style: light body with pronounced fruit red berry with floral violoet note with light-moderate tannin * When blened with lagrein, they become fuller bodied with more depth and darker * Alto adige DOC and Trentino DOC Subappellations for Schiava * Colli di Bolzano * Meranese di Collina * Santa Maddelena

Answer 52

* 1318 first mentioned as white grape * 1526 mentinoed as red * Darker and rich fruit * Related to Teroldego, Marzemino, and other local varieties * 2 most planted in alto adige * Noble graoe variety * 16th century plantings increased to give color and structure to schiavas * Name comes from Val lagreina in Trentino where it is thought to originate * One of the darkest Italian wine grapes due to malvin and delfin anthocyanins * Late ripening and typically planted in warmer areas like Bolzano, bassa atesino, and lower elevations of val adadige * Greis in Bolzano is a grand cru site due to ampitheater with rock walls which trap warm winds from garda but protect from cool winds from alps * Vigorous and productive * Requires lots of sun and nutrients but vigor needs to be managed * Changing from pergola to higher density set ups and espalier training * IN the cellar tannin management is important o Lower fermentation temps and cold soaks allow for extraction of color rather than tannins * Aging in small oak barrique helps round out tannins * Made in two styles: o Kretzer  Rose style o Scuro (means dark)

Answer 53

* Most important red grape of Trentino * Father of lagrein and marzemino * Related to refosco and corvina rondinella * 1383 first mentioned * Several possible names – gold of terol or tar or licorice * Teroldego rotaliano DOC is the best region o Alluvial sediments brought from noce and adige rivers o These stone surfaces retain heat during day and release at night o Cool breezes blow at night and allows fruit to retain acididty and more aromatic potential o Grand cru: Capo rotaliano with alluvial deposits from adige and noce rivers  Excellent well draining sand/gravel/pebbly soils with steep walls allowing solar insulation and at night protect from cool air * Teroldego italiana DOC o Industrialized wines at the beginning o But now focused on quality with producers like foradori o Teroldego produces dark colored wines and tends to have medium tannins and balanced acidity o Red Wild berry aromas and flavors with licorice and tar

Answer 54

* 14th century fame * Likely sweet wine that became emblem of decadence Southeastern part of Trentino is the best area * Ziresi * Isera Basalt and clay soils = aromatic expressions * Typically lighter and body and higher and acid with semi-aromatic profile, with notes of violets, dried herbs, red fruit, slightly bitter * Also grows in Lombardia

Answer 55

* Name comes from describing wine made from several distinct grapes like muscalteller and white lagrein * 1242 – first naming but a reference to a wine and not a grape * 1362, 1414, 1450, 1514, 1558, * No local synonym for Traminer and is not mentioned in any text before 19th century * Most likely from southwest Germany in the late 15th century and then mutates to gewurtz later on

Answer 56

* Typical of Trentino * Sparse bunches = well suited for drying * Derived from word “hazelnut” because it looks like a hazeltnut when dried or from the hazelnut aromas 2 styles: Trentino Nosiola * Dry crisp white wine with delicate aromas of white citrus and flowers Trentino Vino Santo * 1822 by Giacomo somodosi * Became the longest dried of any vino santo style: grapes cant be pressed until (feb 1) and march 1 for Superiore * It produces much sweeter and richer wine than other styles pressed earlier * Production area is in the valley of the lakes which provide humidity and warm air that extended the growing season with no threat of frost * Fruit for dry styles will be sourced fromother parts of Trentino and especially hillier areas

Answer 57

Moscato 2 Moscatos are in Trentino -alto adige * Moscato Gialla- Slightly spicy and herbal and less grapey * Moscato Rosa - Dalmation origins * Both have relationships with Moscato bianco * Food pairing – apples which has parallel harvest so apple pastry