videos 14,15,17,20

Question 1

differential for expanding intramedullary mass in the spine

Answer 1

ependymoma,
demyelinating disease,
multiple sclerosis, metastasis,
transverse myelitis.

Question 2

treatment for sarcoid myelopathy

Answer 2

corticosteroids

Question 3

diagnosing sarcoid myelopathy

Answer 3

*tissue biopsy

others: can attempt transbronchial lung biopsy
labs: elevated ACE
hilar LAD

Question 4

Three basic vascular systems supply the spinal cord:

Answer 4

(i) three spinal arteries (a single anterior spinal artery and paired posterior spinal arteries),
(ii) radicular arteries,
(iii) terminal extramedullary and intramedullary arteries.

Question 5

anterior spinal artery arises from the two

Answer 5

intracranial vertebral arteries

Question 6

anterior spinal artery supplies which tracts

Answer 6

anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord including the -anterior horns,

• corticospinal tracts,
• lateral spinothalamic tracts.

Question 7

two posterior spinal arteries also most commonly arise from the

Answer 7

vertebral arteries

Question 8

posterior spinal artery supplies which tracts

Answer 8

posterior one-third of the spinal cord including the dorsal columns.

Question 9

The anterior and posterior spinal arteries join in an anastomotic loop at the

Answer 9

the conus medullaris.

Question 10

the arteria radicularis magna or artery of Adamkiewicz supplies

Answer 10

the lower anterior thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord.

Question 11

symptoms of spinal cord infarction

Answer 11

• paralysis and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the infarction
• spares position, vibration, and light touch.
• Bladder and bowel function are impaired.
• associated radicular or girdle pain.

Question 12

The anterior spinal artery syndrome most commonly occurs in the watershed areas in which levels

Answer 12

T1-T4 and L1

Question 13

main causes of spinal cord infarction

Answer 13

thrombotic and embolic (arterial or venous)
infarctions; lacunar infarctions; transient ischemic attacks (TIAs, embolic or hemodynamic); hematomyelia; epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhage; and vascular malformations.

Question 14

_______is the most common cause of spinal cord ischemia.

Answer 14

Aortic disease

Question 15

location of broca’s aphasia

Answer 15

posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior to the motor strip, of the dominant hemisphere.

Question 16

do people with broca’s aphasia have problems with reading and writing?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

The most common cause of Broca’s aphasia is

Answer 17

arterial occlusion of left MCA

Question 18

wernicke’s aphasia located in…

Answer 18

the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere.

Question 19

global aphasia location

Answer 19

throughout the perisylvian region of the dominant

hemisphere, encompassing at least part of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.

Question 20

Conduction aphasia is characterized by

Answer 20

fairly fluent speech, relatively intact auditory comprehension, but poor repetition.

Question 21

location of conduction aphasia

Answer 21

either:

• part of arcuate fasciculus
• supramarginal gyrus
• primary auditory cortex
• perisylvian lesions

Question 22

characteristics to assess in aphasias

Answer 22

verbal fluency, auditory comprehension, naming, repetition, reading, and writing.

Question 23

where would occlusion be for Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 23

inferior division of the left middle cerebral artery.