behavior, CVD Flashcards
immediate memory- repeat how many numbers out loud?
5
recent or short term memory is how long after?
5 min
long term memory is how long after?
hours, weeks, yrs
etiologies of amnesia
wernicke-korsakoff (thiamine def)
herpes simplex encehalitis
anoxia
aging, dementia
apraxia
inability to conceptualize and perform a learned, skilled motor act on command
gegenhalten or paratonia
increased limb resistance as examiner moves patient’s limb more rapidly
seen in frontal lobe syndrome
hemineglect is lesion of nondominant or dominant parietal lobe?
nondominant
where is gerstmann’s syndrome
supramargnal or angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe
anton’s syndrome
denial of visual loss
where is lesion for visual agnosia
bilateral temporo-occipital lobe lesions
where is lesion for color anomia
dominant temporo-occipital lobe lesion
memantine MOA
NMDA antagonist
collateral flow: Branches of the external carotid artery may supply blood in reverse direction (retrograde flow) through the _____ to the circle of Willis.
ophthalmic artery
Vertebrobasilar flow ending in the posterior cerebral arteries may continue through patent ______ of the circle of Willis and supply the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.
posterior communicating branches
doses of antiplatelet drugs that can reduce stroke
aspirin 50 to 325 mg daily,
clopidogrel 75 mg daily,
aspirin 25 mg/dipyridamole 200 mg twice daily.
contraindications to tPA before 4.5 hrs
hemorrhage (do CT), or bleeding risk from recent surgery
uncontrollable HTN (>185/110)
hypo or hyperglycemia
warfarin
therapy for large artery occlusion vs small artery occlusion
large: warfarin, carotid endarectomy
small: antiplateley, medical therapy
manage increased ICP
mechnical hyperventilation to pCO2 30-35 (–>vasoconstriction)
mannitol, hypertonic saline
corticosteroids help if ICP is from tumor, infection not from infarct!
how to deal with cerebral aneurysm
diagnose: emergent angiography
clip, or coil
prevent vasospasm with nimodipine
