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Neuro > uworld 1 > Flashcards

uworld 1 Flashcards

1
Q

can craniopharyngiomas be in adults?

A

yes, 50% are over 20

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2
Q

sellar mass presentation

A

diplopia, bitemporal hemianopsia, vision loss

HA

hormonal def

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3
Q

painful vision loss with abnormal pupillary response to light. think…

A

optic neuritis

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4
Q

pathophys of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

decreased CSF absorption at villi or obstruction

or transient ICP increase –> ventricular expansion –> pressure returns to normal

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5
Q

type of gait in NPH

A

slow, broad-based/wide shuffling gait

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6
Q

preferred imaging for suspected stroke

A

noncontrast CT

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7
Q

when do hemorrhagic strokes and ischemic strokes appear on CT?

A

hemorrhage: immediately
ischemic: after 24 hrs

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8
Q

first step for patient with cognitive impairment

A

neurocognitive testing

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9
Q

what is this: 57 yo male with HTN, CAD has motor hemiparesis and UMN signs

A

lacunar stroke in internal capsule

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10
Q

pathophys of lacunar stroke

A

occlusion of deep penetrating arteries

microatheroma and lipohyalinosis –> thrombosis

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11
Q

are lacunar strokes on noncontrast CTs?

A

no, dont show up

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12
Q

when can IV alteplase be used for ischemic strokes?

A

within 3.5-4 hrs

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13
Q

preferred treatment for ischemic strokes after 4 hours with no prior antiplatelet therapy

A

aspirin

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14
Q

preferred treatment for ischemic strokes if on aspirin already?

A

aspirin + dipyrimadole OR clopidogrel

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15
Q

preferred treatment for strokes with evidence of afib?

A

long term anticoagulation (warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban)

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16
Q

are there sensory impairments in lacunar stroke?

A

no

17
Q

MCA occlusion

A 
contralateral sensory deficit
contralateral motor deficit
homonymous hemianopsia
conjugate eye deviation toward side of infarct
aphasia
hemineglect
18
Q

ACA occlusion

A 
contra sensory deficit
contra motor deficit (esp. lower)
abulia (lack of will)
dyspraxia, emotional disturbance
urinary incontinence
19
Q

vertebrobasilar lesion

A

contralateral hemiplegia
ipsilateral CN palsies
ataxia

20
Q

occlusion of internal carotid would affect which arteries

A

MCA and ACA

21
Q

PCA stroke

A 
homonymous hemianopsia
alexia without agraphia
visual hallucinations
3rd nerve palsy 
contralateral motor deficits
22
Q

Lambert Eaton associated with

A

underlying malignancy (small cell lung cancer)

23
Q

Lambert Eaton pathophys

A

autoantibodies against voltage gated Ca channels in presynaptic motor neuron

24
Q

Lambert Eaton presentation

A

proximal muscle weakness

autonomic dysfunction (dry mouth)

CN nerve involvement

diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes

25
Q

dermatomyositis/polymyositis presentation

A

proximal muscle weakness

polyarthritis

esophageal dysmotility, raynaud, interstitial lung dz

heliotrope rash in derm

26
Q

is GBS ascending or descending?

A

ascending

27
Q

GBS on CSF

A

high protein

normal WBC, RBC, glucose

28
Q

GBS treatment

A

IVIG, plasmapharesis

29
Q

1st step after adult has first seizure

A

rule out metabolic causes with labs!

CBC, CMP, glu, Ca, Mg, renal/liver tests, urine drug screen

then once ruled out, EEG

30
Q

most common fatal sporadic encephalitis in the US

A

herpes encephalitis

31
Q

herpes encephalitis presentation

A

focal neuro findings
fever
behaviroal changes

32
Q

herpes encephalitis on CSF

A

high lymphocytes
high RBCs (hemorrhagic destruction of temporal lobe)
high protein

33
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of herpes encephalitis

A

**PCR HSV DNA in CSF

others: MRI>CT

34
Q

altered brain status- meningitis or encephalitis?

A

encephalitis only

35
Q

when does pain/temp diminish in brown sequard relative to lesion

A

1-2 levels below cord injury

Neuro (22 decks)

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