victims of hate crimes

Question 1

def

Answer 1

FBI: crimes perpetrated “based on race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, gender, and gender identity”
-up to local police to decide if its hate crime
-NCVS started covering in 2000

Question 2

extent

Answer 2

-statistics for NCVS higher than FBI
-MORE THAN HALF not reported to police

Question 3

who are the victims

Answer 3

FBI INFO:most common motivation is **RACE/ethnicity/ancestry
with majority being anti-Black bias
■ 2nd most common is RELIGION with majority being anti- Jewish bias
■ 3rd most common is SEXUAL ORIENTATION with anti-gay male most common
■ Many people and certain communities are less likely To report
– NCVS
■RACE most common, followed by ETHNICITY and GENDER

Question 4

LGBTQ+ bias-motivated hate crime victimization

Answer 4

-Additional estimates from antiviolence
organizations and surveys
– HIGHER RATES of victimization
– Majority experience hate related VERBAL abuse
– Critical issue of lethal violence against
TRANSGENDER individuals
■TRANSGENDER WOMEN OF COLOR at highest risk
– Less likely to REPORT TO POLICE and may have
issues if try to report

Question 5

CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 5

majority of crimes AGAINST the person
—INTIMIDATION largest category and assaults
–crimes against PROPERTY–destruction, damage, vandalism

Question 6

CONSEQUENCES;individual

Answer 6

physical and psychological

Question 7

CONSEQUENCES:COMMUNITY

Answer 7

-fear among the community affected
-Individuals and tourists LESS LIKELY to visit places

Question 8

responses:LEGISLATIOn

Answer 8

-federal acts started 1990
-geared to DATA COLLECTION and inclusion of different groups
**MOST STATEs have hate crime legislations
-Typically enact additional penalties
-some states DONT include data collection
-some states DONT cover sexual orientation or gender identity

Question 9

responses: Criminal justice system

Answer 9

-police LESS LIKELY to follow FBI data reporting requirements in areas with GREATER POPULATION of BLACK residents
-some cities have specialized units
-once police record crime, the prosecution makes a decision about whether to change it to a hate crime–only when its clear evidence showing bias as the main
MOST HATE CRIME DON’T RESULT IN FORMAL CHARGES**
*****VICTIMS CAN STILL GET SERVICES even if prosecutor doesn’t allow through charging as hate crime

Question 10

prevention

Answer 10

**need to FORGET OFFENDERS
–could use RESTORATIVE justice principles
NYC: office for. prevention of hate crime
-COMMUNITY DRIVEN HATE CRIMES
-fosters healing for victims and communities
-working with various criminal justice and education groups
NYPD- training and response, helping victims and improving data collection
-DEPARTMENT OF COLLECTION-providing resources for promoting and respecting students