Victimology

Question 1

what is victimology?

Answer 1

the study of victims of crime

Question 2

who said that victims are socially constructed?

Answer 2

Christie

Question 3

what is the victims being socially constructed supported by?

Answer 3

Surrette, who called it Law of Opposites

Question 4

what are the 4 sections of who a real victim is?

Answer 4

-class
-age
-ethnicity
-gender

Question 5

which gender is more likely to be a victims of violent crime?

Answer 5

males, 50% more likely

Question 6

Which gender is most likely to be victims of intimate crime?

Answer 6

females, higher proportions of DV, women aged 18-34 experience high rates

Question 7

which gender is most likely to have high levels of worries around a burglary and violent crimes?

Answer 7

females

Question 8

which age group is likely to be victims of crime?

Answer 8

young people due to their night time economy

Question 9

which age group are more likely to be victims of murder?

Answer 9

under 1s

Question 10

what age group are more likely to be worried about crime?

Answer 10

50+

Question 11

how much more are 16 to 24-year-olds more likely to be victims in the 75+?

Answer 11

9x more likely

Question 12

which race at a greater risk of crime?

Answer 12

minority groups, they are twice as likely to be victims of robbery

Question 13

what crime of the elderly more likely to be victims of?

Answer 13

they face hidden abuse

Question 14

what crimes are high among ethnicity groups?

Answer 14

hate crimes, honour crime, institutional racism?

Question 15

within ethnicity and victims what is most crime?

Answer 15

intra-racial

Question 16

Who is most likely to be victims of crime to do with class?

Answer 16

Poorest sections of society and working-class

Question 17

Who is most likely to have high chances of victimisation in class?

Answer 17

The unemployed, long-term sick, low income families, those living in broken window areas as they cannot afford target hardening

Question 18

why do working-class have high rates of domestic abuse?

Answer 18

due to stress and triggers

Question 19

what do charity shops have high rates of?

Answer 19

shoplifting

Question 20

what do you positivists believe about victims?

Answer 20

they believe some individuals are more likely to be victims than others

Question 21

what are the two keywords that positivists came up with?

Answer 21

-victim proneness
-victim precipitation

Question 22

what is a victim proneness?

Answer 22

victims invite victimisation by being the kind of person they are

Question 23

what did Hentig say about victim proneness?

Answer 23

there are 13 characteristics of victims
eg- disabled, women, ethnicity minorities

Question 24

what is victim precipitation?

Answer 24

victims have contributed to their own victimisation, and so we should focus on personal responsibility to avoid being a victim

Question 25

what did Wolfang say about victim precipitation?

Answer 25

26% of 588 homicides involved victim precipitation as the victim triggered the events

Question 26

what are the four evaluation points about positivists explaining victimology?

Answer 26

1-blames victim not offender
2-downplays role of law, police and other agencies in not taklimg crime effectively
3-focuses too much on individual characteristics
4- ignores unwittingly victims

Question 27

what would feminists say about positivists?

Answer 27

they blame females for rape and dv
-leads to secondary victimisation, with only 3% of rape allegations being prosecuted in court

Question 28

what does the critical belief belief about victims?

Answer 28

they focus on the structural issues, such as poverty, racism and social exclusion causing victimisation

Question 29

what was the point young came up with as part of the critical belief of victims?

Answer 29

New inclusionism

Question 30

what is new inclusionism?

Answer 30

we need to re-integrate the excluded back into society, tackle wealth, discrimination and end massive differences in wages.
-this will lead to less victims

Question 31

what are the two evaluation points of the critical view of victims?

Answer 31

1-ignore the victim precipitation and proneness
2- Not a practical solution, as it is too expensive and costly