Victimology Flashcards
what is victimology?
the study of victims of crime
who said that victims are socially constructed?
Christie
what is the victims being socially constructed supported by?
Surrette, who called it Law of Opposites
what are the 4 sections of who a real victim is?
-class
-age
-ethnicity
-gender
which gender is more likely to be a victims of violent crime?
males, 50% more likely
Which gender is most likely to be victims of intimate crime?
females, higher proportions of DV, women aged 18-34 experience high rates
which gender is most likely to have high levels of worries around a burglary and violent crimes?
females
which age group is likely to be victims of crime?
young people due to their night time economy
which age group are more likely to be victims of murder?
under 1s
what age group are more likely to be worried about crime?
50+
how much more are 16 to 24-year-olds more likely to be victims in the 75+?
9x more likely
which race at a greater risk of crime?
minority groups, they are twice as likely to be victims of robbery
what crime of the elderly more likely to be victims of?
they face hidden abuse
what crimes are high among ethnicity groups?
hate crimes, honour crime, institutional racism?
within ethnicity and victims what is most crime?
intra-racial
Who is most likely to be victims of crime to do with class?
Poorest sections of society and working-class
Who is most likely to have high chances of victimisation in class?
The unemployed, long-term sick, low income families, those living in broken window areas as they cannot afford target hardening
why do working-class have high rates of domestic abuse?
due to stress and triggers
what do charity shops have high rates of?
shoplifting
what do you positivists believe about victims?
they believe some individuals are more likely to be victims than others
what are the two keywords that positivists came up with?
-victim proneness
-victim precipitation
what is a victim proneness?
victims invite victimisation by being the kind of person they are
what did Hentig say about victim proneness?
there are 13 characteristics of victims
eg- disabled, women, ethnicity minorities
what is victim precipitation?
victims have contributed to their own victimisation, and so we should focus on personal responsibility to avoid being a victim
what did Wolfang say about victim precipitation?
26% of 588 homicides involved victim precipitation as the victim triggered the events
what are the four evaluation points about positivists explaining victimology?
1-blames victim not offender
2-downplays role of law, police and other agencies in not taklimg crime effectively
3-focuses too much on individual characteristics
4- ignores unwittingly victims
what would feminists say about positivists?
they blame females for rape and dv
-leads to secondary victimisation, with only 3% of rape allegations being prosecuted in court
what does the critical belief belief about victims?
they focus on the structural issues, such as poverty, racism and social exclusion causing victimisation
what was the point young came up with as part of the critical belief of victims?
New inclusionism
what is new inclusionism?
we need to re-integrate the excluded back into society, tackle wealth, discrimination and end massive differences in wages.
-this will lead to less victims
what are the two evaluation points of the critical view of victims?
1-ignore the victim precipitation and proneness
2- Not a practical solution, as it is too expensive and costly
