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Sociology Crime and Deviance > Punishment > Flashcards

Punishment Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 aims of punishment?

A

-deterrence
-incapacitation
-rehabilitation
-retribution

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2
Q

what is deterrence?

A

punishment that deters/puts people off from committing crime as they fear the punishments

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3
Q

what is incapacitation?

A

when the punishment physically prevents someone from committing crime

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4
Q

what is rehabilitation?

A

punishment that ensures the criminal reforms their ways and are rehabilitated back into society

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5
Q

what is retribution?

A

pay back and revenge against a criminal

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6
Q

what are some types of punishment used in the uk?

A

-prison
-fines
-probation
-community service
-ASBO
etc

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7
Q

what is an example of rehabilitation?

A

Norway Bastoy Island

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8
Q

what is an example of deterrence?

A

Tent City USA

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9
Q

what is era of mass incarceration according to Garland?

A

the rise of incarceration, when prisons being highly populated and overcrowded.

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10
Q

what did Garland say about mass incarceration?

A

‘prisons are at bursting point.’

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11
Q

what are some trends that link to the era of mass incarceration?

A

-some prisons are above their safety capacity by 50%
-often 3 prisoners to one cell
-2/3 prisons in the uk are overcrowded
-96,000 prisoners by 2014
-£37,000 per prisoner, so over £3 billion a year.

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12
Q

what is the analysis of the overcrowding of prisons?

A

-overcrowding has been caused by zero tolerance policing, aiming to gain electoral popularity
-consequences= higher electoral power ,sentence inflation
-solution= Perry Pre-school, community service, rehabilitation

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13
Q

what is the main reason for mass incarceration according to Garland?

A

the politicisation of crime control
-there has been a move towards’ ‘tough on crime’ policies since 1970s that favour punitive and exclusionary strategies

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14
Q

how many black american make up the prison population?

A

37%, despite only making up 13% of the US population

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15
Q

what are the 5 reasons why we should have prisons?

A

-act as a deterrent
-allow people to trust the government that they are being ‘tough on crime’, so they are more likely to gain help from the public surrounding crime
-it incapacitates the criminal from committing a crime
-prisons can act as a safe haven and can transform lives
-it keeps dangerous people out of society

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16
Q

what are the 5 reasons why we should not have prisons?

A

-there are other alternatives, eg-rehabilitation
-overcrowding is dangerous
-prisons cause high rates of re-offending
-too expensive to run prisons
-inappropriate, high rates of mental illness and self-harming

17
Q

what are 4 pieces of evidence that prisons don’t work?

A

-overcrowded prisons act as a ‘university of crime.’
-‘prison drug horror’
-‘decline in prison safety.’
-‘prison conditions most disturbing ever seen.’

18
Q

what is the functionalist view on punishment?

A

-the function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values/boundaries
-punishment expresses society’s emotions and moral outrage at the offence
-rituals of order means that society’s shared values are reaffirmed, so members can feel a sense of unity

19
Q

what are the two types of justice according to functionalist and explain their meanings?

A

-RETRIBUTIVE justice= punishment in traditional societies, vengeful, cruel and severe
-RESTITUTIVE justice= modern societies, used to restore/compensate

20
Q

what are the marxism beliefs on punishment?

A

-reinforces capitalism
-repressive state apparatus
-free workforce from prison to make profit for the bourgeoisie
-do ‘time’ to pay for their crime
-ideological control, discipline /obedient to authority

21
Q

what is repressive state apparatus according to ALTHUSSER?

A

Repressive State Apparatus consists of the army, the police, the judiciary, and the prison system. It operates primarily by means of mental and physical coercion and violence.

22
Q

what is the postmodernism belief on punishment?

A

-surveillance
sovereign power to disciplinary power
-self-surveillance and self-discipline

Sociology Crime and Deviance (11 decks)

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