Punishment Flashcards
what are the 4 aims of punishment?
-deterrence
-incapacitation
-rehabilitation
-retribution
what is deterrence?
punishment that deters/puts people off from committing crime as they fear the punishments
what is incapacitation?
when the punishment physically prevents someone from committing crime
what is rehabilitation?
punishment that ensures the criminal reforms their ways and are rehabilitated back into society
what is retribution?
pay back and revenge against a criminal
what are some types of punishment used in the uk?
-prison
-fines
-probation
-community service
-ASBO
etc
what is an example of rehabilitation?
Norway Bastoy Island
what is an example of deterrence?
Tent City USA
what is era of mass incarceration according to Garland?
the rise of incarceration, when prisons being highly populated and overcrowded.
what did Garland say about mass incarceration?
‘prisons are at bursting point.’
what are some trends that link to the era of mass incarceration?
-some prisons are above their safety capacity by 50%
-often 3 prisoners to one cell
-2/3 prisons in the uk are overcrowded
-96,000 prisoners by 2014
-£37,000 per prisoner, so over £3 billion a year.
what is the analysis of the overcrowding of prisons?
-overcrowding has been caused by zero tolerance policing, aiming to gain electoral popularity
-consequences= higher electoral power ,sentence inflation
-solution= Perry Pre-school, community service, rehabilitation
what is the main reason for mass incarceration according to Garland?
the politicisation of crime control
-there has been a move towards’ ‘tough on crime’ policies since 1970s that favour punitive and exclusionary strategies
how many black american make up the prison population?
37%, despite only making up 13% of the US population
what are the 5 reasons why we should have prisons?
-act as a deterrent
-allow people to trust the government that they are being ‘tough on crime’, so they are more likely to gain help from the public surrounding crime
-it incapacitates the criminal from committing a crime
-prisons can act as a safe haven and can transform lives
-it keeps dangerous people out of society
what are the 5 reasons why we should not have prisons?
-there are other alternatives, eg-rehabilitation
-overcrowding is dangerous
-prisons cause high rates of re-offending
-too expensive to run prisons
-inappropriate, high rates of mental illness and self-harming
what are 4 pieces of evidence that prisons don’t work?
-overcrowded prisons act as a ‘university of crime.’
-‘prison drug horror’
-‘decline in prison safety.’
-‘prison conditions most disturbing ever seen.’
what is the functionalist view on punishment?
-the function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values/boundaries
-punishment expresses society’s emotions and moral outrage at the offence
-rituals of order means that society’s shared values are reaffirmed, so members can feel a sense of unity
what are the two types of justice according to functionalist and explain their meanings?
-RETRIBUTIVE justice= punishment in traditional societies, vengeful, cruel and severe
-RESTITUTIVE justice= modern societies, used to restore/compensate
what are the marxism beliefs on punishment?
-reinforces capitalism
-repressive state apparatus
-free workforce from prison to make profit for the bourgeoisie
-do ‘time’ to pay for their crime
-ideological control, discipline /obedient to authority
what is repressive state apparatus according to ALTHUSSER?
Repressive State Apparatus consists of the army, the police, the judiciary, and the prison system. It operates primarily by means of mental and physical coercion and violence.
what is the postmodernism belief on punishment?
-surveillance
sovereign power to disciplinary power
-self-surveillance and self-discipline
