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tenta > vetgru tenta kap 1-2 > Flashcards

vetgru tenta kap 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acquiring knowledge

A

tenacity,intuition, authority,rationalism,empircism, science

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2
Q

Intuition

A

simply feeling it or knowing certain things

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3
Q

tenacity

A

willingness to accept ideas without proper reasoning

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4
Q

Authority

A

accepting ideas as valid because they come from an authority

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5
Q

rationalism

A

acquiring knowledge by reasoning and using existing info and following logical rules to deduct new info

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6
Q

empiricism(how many?)

A

gaining knowledge through observation, Naive empiricism, and sophisticated empiricism

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7
Q

Science

A

science brings together empiricism and rationalism

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8
Q

goals of science

A

prediction, explanation , application

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9
Q

prediction- goals of science

A

being able to predict and foretell what will happen

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10
Q

causation -goals of science

A

one step beyond prediction can foretell WHY or HOW something will happen

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11
Q

explanation- goals of science

A

Being able to understand and explain the underlying causes

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12
Q

application

A

Being able to use the knowledge to solve other real-world problems

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13
Q

Basic Assumptions of science

A
  1. A physical universe exist
  2. There is randomness and thus unpredictability in the universe, but it is primarily an orderly and predictable universe.
  3. we can discover the principles of this orderly universe through scientific research.
  4. Knowledge of the universe is always incomplete new knowledge will alter current ideas and theories, therefor all assumptions, theories, and knowledge is TENTATIVE
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14
Q

facts

A

The events we can observe directly and repeatedly

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15
Q

observation

A

the empirical process of using ones senses to recognize and recond facts

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16
Q

inference

A

any conclusion drawn on the basis of empirical data and/or theories

17
Q

Constructs

A

Idea constructed by the researchers to explain observed events

18
Q

Logical interpretation errors

A

Nominal fallacy, the all-or-none bias, barnum statement, evaluative biases of language

19
Q

Nominal fallacy

A

Mistaking the name of a phenomenon as an explanation of it.

20
Q

The all-or-none bias

A

To see a statement as either true or false when in most cases in science things are PROBABILISTIC

21
Q

Barnum statement

A

A statement that are true for almost all issues, situations, or people. ex; horoscope,physics

22
Q

evaluative biases of language

A

labeling language use for objective behavior which makes the science non-objective

23
Q

Inductive thinking

A

“the down-up thinking” from little to big

24
Q

deductive thinking

A

“the top-down thinking” from big to little

25
Q

Models

A

A simplified representation of a complex reality of the world

26
Q

theory

A

collection of ideas about how and why variables are related

27
Q

validity

A

the “realness of science” how valid is it?

28
Q

Parsimonious theory

A

simplified theory which explains the data equally well as a normal theory

29
Q

how many Phases of research

A

7.

30
Q

Name the phases of research

A
  1. Idea generating idea
  2. problem-definition phase
  3. procedure-design phase
  4. observation phase
  5. data analysis phase
  6. interpretation phase
  7. communication phase
31
Q

Levels of constrains - name them(how many)

A 
5 stycken
Naturalistc observation
case study
correlation research
differential research 
experimental research
32
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

observing the participants in their natural environment

33
Q

case study

A

Observing one person or small group with minimal constraints on behaviour

34
Q

correlational research

A

The STRENGHT of the relationship between two variables

35
Q

differential research

A

comparing two or more groups in a same way to see a difference between them

36
Q

experimental research

A

assigning participants randomly to test them under different conditions

tenta (4 decks)

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