Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPDX311 > veterinary urinalysis > Flashcards

veterinary urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

the easiest to collect and are often brought in
by owners.

A

free catch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

best sample for analysis

A

midstream, first-morning collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

can be performed if a free catch
sample is not possible

A

Bladder expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

involves inserting a rubber catheter into the urethra and feeding it up to the bladder of the patient to collect a sample

A

Catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • high amount of contamination of cells, bacteria and debris from the genitourinary tract, surrounding fur and the environment
  • sample is unsuitable for culture
A

disadvantages of free catch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • excessive pressure can result in trauma to the patient.
  • does not contain sufficient quantities of urine
  • same amount of contamination seen as with voided sample
  • sample is unsuitable for culture
A

disadvantages of bladder expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • increased risk of an iatrogenic infection or trauma
  • difficult to perform in female animals
A

disadvantages of catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

another method for collecting a sterile urine sample,
and therefore is appropriate for bacterial culture

A

Cystocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

procedure should only be performed on quiet, easily restrained
animals.

A

Cystocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • requires adequate volume of urine within the bladder
  • may cause microscopic hematuria
A

disadvantage of Cystocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

urine can be preserved up to

A

6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

urine should be examine within

A

20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

will inhibit bacterial growth, thus
avoiding changes caused by the actions of microbes

A

freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

organic solvent that can be used to preserve a urine sample.

A

Toluene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prevents microbial growth, therefore preserving the cellular
integrity of various structures within the sample.

A

40% formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sample will inhibit bacterial growth.

A

0.8% boric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

designed to inhibit microbes and
control the pH of a urine sample, usually for a period of up to 5 days

A

Commercial preservation tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

physical examination of urine consists of assessing

A
  • volume
  • color
  • turbidity
  • odor
  • specific gravity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An accurate representation of urine volume should be assessed over a
period

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Normal daily urine output can be calculated using a rate of

A

1 ml/kg/h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increased amounts of urine volume

A

Polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Decreased amounts of urine volume

A

Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

No urine production

A

anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

straw colored

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

colorless-pale

A

dilute urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

deep yellow

A

concentrated urine ; bilirubinuria

27
Q

orange-red

A

hematuria, hemoglobinuria

28
Q

red-brown

A

myoglobinuria

29
Q

milky white

A

pyuria

30
Q

refers to the
“cloudiness” of urine

A

Turbidity

31
Q

increase in turbidity in the
urine can be caused by

A

cellular elements, crystals, microorganisms, mucous.

32
Q

The urine of intact male animals, especially cats and goats, is often quite strong and should be
described as such.

A

strong odor

33
Q

Ammonia-scented urine can be associated with cystitis. Some species of bacteria metabolize urea
in the urine to ammonia, producing a distinguishing odor.

A

Ammonia

34
Q

smelling urine is associated with the degradation of protein. This can occur
during infections, and should be confirmed with further testing

A

Putrid

35
Q

Increased ketones present in the urine give off a fruity odor. This odor may also be noticed on the
patient’s breath when they are in a state of ketosis

A

Fruity

36
Q

determined by assessing the density of a liquid (in this case, urine)
compared with the density of distilled water

A

Specific gravity

37
Q

The SG of the urine is higher than the glomerular filtrate (dogs: >1.030;
cats: >1.035

A

Hypersthenuria

38
Q

The SG of the urine is lower than the glomerular filtrate (<1.008).

A

Hyposthenuria

39
Q

The SG of the urine is equal to that of the glomerular filtrate (1.008–1.012).

A

Isosthenuria

40
Q

term used to describe glucose

A

glucosuria

41
Q

available to test for the presence of bilirubin in a urine sample

A

ictotest tablet

42
Q

three ketone bodies

A

acetone, acetoacetic acid beta-hydroxybutyric acid

43
Q

Most reagent strips are sensitive to _______ acid, less sensitive to ______, and do not detect _____

A

acetoacetic
acetone
β-hydroxybutyric acid

44
Q

individual tablet tests for ketones

A

acetest

45
Q

Reagent strips are not specific for any particular _____

A

protein

46
Q

Leukocytes present in the urine are termed

A

pyuria

47
Q

final step of a complete
urinalysis.

A

sediment examination

48
Q

examined and evaluated as the average number seen per
low power (10×) field

A

Casts

49
Q

evaluated as the average
number seen per high power field (40×).

A

Red blood cells and white blood cells

50
Q

examined
under high power (40×), and reported as occasional (1+), few (2+),
moderate (3+), or many (4+).

A

elements, such as bacteria and crystals

51
Q

acceptable stool sample

A

fresh sample

52
Q

unacceptable sample

A

samples obtained later from the yard, pen, litter box

53
Q

a collection of fecal samples obtained
from a group of animals that are housed together

A

pooled samples

54
Q

Gross examination

A
  • consistency
  • color
  • blood
  • mucous
  • gross parasites
55
Q

detect parasite ova or
oocysts in the patient’s sample.

A

microscopic examination.

56
Q

This technique is particularly
useful for viewing live, motile,
trophozoites.

A

direct fecal smear

57
Q

use the differences
in specific gravity of para-site
eggs and cysts from that of fecal
debris and the solution.

A

simple fecal flotation

58
Q

common flotation medium

A

sodium nitrate solution

59
Q

This technique is more efficient
at recovering parasite ova from a
sample

A

centrifugation technique

60
Q

type of centrifuge used

A

variable angle centrifuhe or horizontal centrifuge

61
Q

used to
recover parasite larvae, not ova.

A

baermann technique

62
Q

Nematodes:
common name
site of infection

A

roundworm
small intestine

63
Q
A

SPDX311 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions