ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Flashcards
utilizes ultrasound to produce images of
the heart and vascular structures and to provide information
about the direction and velocity of blood flow within these
structures.
Echocardiography
refers to sound waves with a frequency well
beyond the range of human hearing.
Ultrasound
There are 5 basic components of an ultrasound scanner that are
required for generation, display, and storage of an ultrasound
image
- Pulse generator
- Transducer
- Receiver
- display
- Memory
displays ultrasound signals in a variety of modes
display
applies high amplitude voltage to
energize the crystals
Pulse generator
converts electrical energy to mechanical
(ultrasound) energy and vice versa
Transducer
detects and amplifies weak signals
receiver
types of heart diseases
o Valve diseases
o Myocardial
o Pericardial
o Infective endocarditis
o Congenital heart diseases
weakened or damaged heart valves, high blood
pressure, or other diseases can cause the chambers
of the heart to enlarge or the walls of the heart to be
abnormally thickened.
Changes in the heart size
the measurements obtained in the echocardiogram
include the percentage of blot that is pumped out of
the ventricle with each heartbeat
Pumping strength
It is useful for measuring or viewing heart structures, such
as the heart’s pumping chambers, the size of the heart
itself, and the thickness of the heart walls
M MODE (MOTION MODE) ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
It is used to measure and assess the flow of blood through
the heart’s chambers and valves
DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
The different colors are used to designate the direction of
blood flow.
o Enhance form of doppler echocardiography
o This simplifies the interpretation of the doppler
technique
COLOR DOPPLER
This technique is used to “see” the actual motion of the
heart structures.
2-D (TWO-DIMENSIONAL) ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
w appears as cone shape on the monitor
2-D echo
The live or real time images allow for a more accurate
assessment of the heart function by using measurements
taken while the heart is beating
3-D echo
standard echocardiogram
TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM
This test requires that the transducer be inserted down the
throat into the esophagus.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)
It is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or
stationary bicycle
STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM
A form of echocardiography performed during cardiac
catheterization.
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
It is used to diagnose cardiac conditions in the fetal stage.
* Cardiac defects are among of the most common birth
defects.
FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
provides superior image quality, particularly for
posterior cardiac structures which are nearer to the
esophagus
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)
Painless test, similar to x-ray but without the radiation.
* A hand-held device called a transducer is placed on the
chest and transmits high frequency sound waves
TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM
