Veterinary Tech Semester I Flashcards
An example of a macroscopic anatomic part is a
Muscle
The system consisting of glands and hormones is called
Endocrine
Which plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse plane?
Dorsal plane
The word that means “toward the nose” is
Rostral
Study of the form and structure of the body
Anatomy
Study of the functions of the body and its part
Physiology
The study of individual regions of the body
regional anatomy
The study of individual systems of the body
systemic anatomy
The plane that divides the body into right and left but are not always equal
Sagittal
Lengthwise division of the body into equal right and left parts
Median
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into top and bottom half
Towards the head
Cranial
Towards the tail
Caudal
Dorsal on an animal means
towards the back
Towards the belly of an animal
Ventral
Deep and internal both mean
towards the center of the body
Superficial and external both mean
towards the surface of the body
proximal
closer to the body
distal
further away from the body
The two main cavities of an animal body
small dorsal and large ventral
the central nervous system is contained in the
dorsal cavity
Thin membrane that covers all of the organs in the thoracic cavity
pleura
the layer of pleura that covers the visceral layer
visceral layer
the layer of pleura that lines the whole thoracic cavity
parietal layer
The three types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
where is smooth muscle found
in the internal organs
The function of nervous tissue
to transmit information around body and controls body functions
The simplest definition of health
A state of normal anatomy and physiology
The four basic types of tissues
epithelial, connective, nervous and muscle
atoms are made of
protons, electrons and neutrons
the atomic number is equal to
protons
where do archaebacteria located
in hot springs, salt flats, animal intestines and brains
which particles are found in the atomic nucleus
protons and neutrons
the rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy is called the
rate of decay
the second electron shell can hold up to how many electrons
8
Hydrogen bonds are ______ and have a ______ charge
weak;positive
an ionic bond is formed when electrons are
transferred
a covalent bond is formed when electrons are
shared
What is it called when a single chemical is broken down into multiple, smaller, chemical units?
A decomposition reaction
what is activation energy
The energy required for a reaction to happen
bases are proton _____
acceptors
acids are proton ______
donors
Low potassium on a serum test is an indicator of
kidney failure
why are weak acids and bases are important to physiology
they do not completely ionize in water, therefore they act as buffers in the blood and keep the pH in a neutral range
what are the two most common causes of metabolic acidosis
diabetes mellitus: fatty acid accumulation and excessive lipid breakdown
kidney disease: accumulation of hydrogen ions because the kidneys cannot excrete them
what is the key component of thyroid hormones
iodine
the three essential structures in a mammalian cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
ligands can also be called
neurotransmitters and hormones
the principle components of cytoplasm are
cytoskeleton
organelles
inclusions
cytosol
how many mitochondria are in the average mammalian cell?
the amount of mitochondria depends on the activity level of the cells
The structure of a cell that modifies, packages and distributes proteins destined for secretion or intracellular use
golgi apparatus
centrioles play an important role in what process?
cell division
What is the small amount of water produced as a by-product of cellular metabolism called?
metabolic water
pure water has a pH of?
7.0
fluids with an osmolality close to blood are considered____?
isotonic
What kind of transport is endocytosis?
active transport
what’s the order of the four stages of the mitotic stage in mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Transcription is the formation of ____
mRNA
Which type of cellular junction between epithelial cells is a strong, welded plaque or thickening that is formed from interlocking filaments?
Desmosome
what structure of epithelial cells serves as a partial barrier against underlying connective tissue?
Basement membrane
What kind of glands are goblet cells?
unicellular exocrine
which type of glands package their secretions into glanular units and release them via exocytosis?
Merocrine
What type of tissue is most abundant by weight in the body?
Connective
Which type of connective tissue provides support for highly cellular organs?
Reticular
What are elastic fibers primarily composed of?
Elastin (protein)
Which component of connective tissue acts as a shock absorbing cushion?
Ground substance
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
fight infection
