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Anatomy and Physiology II > Veterinary Tech Semester I > Flashcards

Veterinary Tech Semester I Flashcards

1
Q

An example of a macroscopic anatomic part is a

A

Muscle

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2
Q

The system consisting of glands and hormones is called

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

Which plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse plane?

A

Dorsal plane

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4
Q

The word that means “toward the nose” is

A

Rostral

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5
Q

Study of the form and structure of the body

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

Study of the functions of the body and its part

A

Physiology

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7
Q

The study of individual regions of the body

A

regional anatomy

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8
Q

The study of individual systems of the body

A

systemic anatomy

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9
Q

The plane that divides the body into right and left but are not always equal

A

Sagittal

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10
Q

Lengthwise division of the body into equal right and left parts

A

Median

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11
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides the body into top and bottom half

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12
Q

Towards the head

A

Cranial

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13
Q

Towards the tail

A

Caudal

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14
Q

Dorsal on an animal means

A

towards the back

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15
Q

Towards the belly of an animal

A

Ventral

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16
Q

Deep and internal both mean

A

towards the center of the body

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17
Q

Superficial and external both mean

A

towards the surface of the body

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18
Q

proximal

A

closer to the body

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19
Q

distal

A

further away from the body

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20
Q

The two main cavities of an animal body

A

small dorsal and large ventral

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21
Q

the central nervous system is contained in the

A

dorsal cavity

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22
Q

Thin membrane that covers all of the organs in the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

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23
Q

the layer of pleura that covers the visceral layer

A

visceral layer

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24
Q

the layer of pleura that lines the whole thoracic cavity

A

parietal layer

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25
Q

The three types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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26
Q

where is smooth muscle found

A

in the internal organs

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27
Q

The function of nervous tissue

A

to transmit information around body and controls body functions

28
Q

The simplest definition of health

A

A state of normal anatomy and physiology

29
Q

The four basic types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, nervous and muscle

30
Q

atoms are made of

A

protons, electrons and neutrons

31
Q

the atomic number is equal to

A

protons

32
Q

where do archaebacteria located

A

in hot springs, salt flats, animal intestines and brains

33
Q

which particles are found in the atomic nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

34
Q

the rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy is called the

A

rate of decay

35
Q

the second electron shell can hold up to how many electrons

A

8

36
Q

Hydrogen bonds are ______ and have a ______ charge

A

weak;positive

37
Q

an ionic bond is formed when electrons are

A

transferred

38
Q

a covalent bond is formed when electrons are

A

shared

39
Q

What is it called when a single chemical is broken down into multiple, smaller, chemical units?

A

A decomposition reaction

40
Q

what is activation energy

A

The energy required for a reaction to happen

41
Q

bases are proton _____

A

acceptors

42
Q

acids are proton ______

A

donors

43
Q

Low potassium on a serum test is an indicator of

A

kidney failure

44
Q

why are weak acids and bases are important to physiology

A

they do not completely ionize in water, therefore they act as buffers in the blood and keep the pH in a neutral range

45
Q

what are the two most common causes of metabolic acidosis

A

diabetes mellitus: fatty acid accumulation and excessive lipid breakdown
kidney disease: accumulation of hydrogen ions because the kidneys cannot excrete them

46
Q

what is the key component of thyroid hormones

A

iodine

47
Q

the three essential structures in a mammalian cell

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

48
Q

ligands can also be called

A

neurotransmitters and hormones

49
Q

the principle components of cytoplasm are

A

cytoskeleton
organelles
inclusions
cytosol

50
Q

how many mitochondria are in the average mammalian cell?

A

the amount of mitochondria depends on the activity level of the cells

51
Q

The structure of a cell that modifies, packages and distributes proteins destined for secretion or intracellular use

A

golgi apparatus

52
Q

centrioles play an important role in what process?

A

cell division

53
Q

What is the small amount of water produced as a by-product of cellular metabolism called?

A

metabolic water

54
Q

pure water has a pH of?

A

7.0

55
Q

fluids with an osmolality close to blood are considered____?

A

isotonic

56
Q

What kind of transport is endocytosis?

A

active transport

57
Q

what’s the order of the four stages of the mitotic stage in mitosis?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

58
Q

Transcription is the formation of ____

A

mRNA

59
Q

Which type of cellular junction between epithelial cells is a strong, welded plaque or thickening that is formed from interlocking filaments?

A

Desmosome

60
Q

what structure of epithelial cells serves as a partial barrier against underlying connective tissue?

A

Basement membrane

61
Q

What kind of glands are goblet cells?

A

unicellular exocrine

62
Q

which type of glands package their secretions into glanular units and release them via exocytosis?

A

Merocrine

63
Q

What type of tissue is most abundant by weight in the body?

A

Connective

64
Q

Which type of connective tissue provides support for highly cellular organs?

A

Reticular

65
Q

What are elastic fibers primarily composed of?

A

Elastin (protein)

66
Q

Which component of connective tissue acts as a shock absorbing cushion?

A

Ground substance

67
Q

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

A

fight infection

Anatomy and Physiology II (4 decks)

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