Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology II > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

the esophagus is a part of the ____, while the pancreas is considered an _____ when it comes to the digestive system

A

alimentary canal: accessory digestive organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the first step in propulsion

A

swallowing-(oral pharynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mucosa is made of______

A

epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most of the alimentary tract is made of _____ epithelial cells

A

simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Our mouth and upper esophagus are made of ___ epithelial cells

A

stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemical digestion is initiated in the _____.

A

mouth- (salivary amalayse and lingual lipase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The buccal phase

A

is voluntary, its when the tongue pushed to the back of the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the pharyngeal-esophageal phase

A

is involuntary: controls center medulla and lower pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of the uvula

A

it keeps food from coming out of your nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter

A

acid reflux into the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is chyme?

A

food when it leaves the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the stomach is able to expand to nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to ____ in its walls

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the _____ cells are responsible for HCl and intrinsic factor production

A

parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

produce pepsinogin and lipases(fat digesting enzyme)

A

Chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does pepsin break down

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

harsh digestive conditions in the stomach are protected by

A

the mucosal barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

only stomach function that is essential to life

A

the secretion of intrinsic factor - vitamin b12 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

peristalsis is part of which digestive process?

A

propulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ involves over 22 muschle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?

A

deglutation(swallowing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a patient with a low RBC count recieves vitamin b12 injections every 2 weeks. why?

A

parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of bile?

A

it is a fat emulsifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of circular folds, villi and microvilli?

A

allow enough time for absorption and digestion in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

brush border that contains enzymes for carb and protein digestion?

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is the small intestine adapted for nutrient absorption?

A

it has a large surface area due to the presence of circular folds, villi and microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the only digestive function of the liver?

A

to produce bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the chief function of the gallbladder?

A

bile storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the main function of the pancreas?

A

producing a watery solution and enzymes that neutralize chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

endocrine function of the pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which two organs do not play a role in ingestion or defecation?

A

small intestine and stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

the wave like motion of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is segmentation

A

process of moving food through the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the majority of absorption occurs where?

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact the digestion of _____

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the major digestive function of the large intestine?

A

to absorb water and temporarily store food until it is time to be excreted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

function of tenia coli

A

they are a smooth muscle lining that control the haustra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q 
which of the following is not part of the large intestine?
cecum
appendix
illeum
sigmoid colon
A

the illeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the pocket like sacs of the large intestine

A

haustra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how long does food stay in the large intesting

A

12-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what does not happen in the large intestine?

A

absorption of nutrients

41
Q

in terms of gastrointestinal function, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is _____.

A

absorption of water

42
Q

the bacteria that enter your digestive sytem through anus or small intestine and help with digestive comfort?

A

bacterial flora

43
Q

2 types of motility in the large intestine?

A

haustral contractions and gastrocolic reflex

44
Q

what is gastrocolic reflex

A

initiated by the presence of food in the stomach, it is a mass movement of the colon

45
Q

what are the two sphincters of the rectum?

A

internal-smooth(involuntary)

external-skeletal(voluntary)

46
Q

primary sex organs(gonads)

A

testes and ovaries

47
Q

accessory reproductive organs

A

ducts, glands, and external genitalia

48
Q

where is sperm produced?

A

in the testes

49
Q

where is sperm stored?

A

epididimis-until ejaculation

50
Q

the temperature of the scrotum is kept constant by

A

dartos muscle and cremaster muscles

51
Q

what is oogenisis

A

the production of female gametes

52
Q

what has to happen for a sperm to penetrate an egg

A

capacatation.

53
Q

what is cleavage

A

rapid mitotic division with little no cell growth in between those divisions

54
Q

when does cleavage occur

A

while the zygote is moving towards the uterus

55
Q

parathyroid and vitamin d levels will be ____ during pregnancy

A

higher

56
Q

what is the longest stage of labor?

A

dilation stage (6-12 hours)

57
Q

a babies first shot of lgA antibodies from the mother-not milk comes from?

A

colostrum

58
Q

the intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach and is necessary for the absorption of

A

vitamin B12

59
Q

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions…T/F?

A

True

60
Q

the substance secreted by the pancreas that helps neutralize chyme is?

A

Bicarbonate

61
Q

what organ in the body regulates erythrocytes production?

A

kidney

62
Q

the collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH…T/F

A

false

63
Q

the distal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct…T/F

A

true

64
Q

the majority of absorption occurs in the _____.?

A

small intestine

65
Q

chemical digestion is initiated in the ______.

A

mouth

66
Q

the _____ cells are responsible for HCl Production

A

parietal

67
Q

peristalsis is part of which digestive process

A

propulsion

68
Q 
the function of the large intestine includes all of the following except\_\_\_\_\_.
elimination of waste
absorp. of water and electr.
absorption of nutrients
production of vitamins
A

absorption of nutrients

69
Q

what is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter

A

acid reflux into the esophagus

70
Q

excretion of dilute urine requires____.

A

impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

71
Q

most of the nutrients in the filtrate are reabsorbed in the ____.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

72
Q

the collecting ducts are ____ to water when the hormone___ is present

A

permeable: ADH

73
Q

what role do the vasa recta play in urine formation

A

the VR deliver urea to the medullary interstitial fluid

74
Q

blood levels of hormone are kept within very narrow ranges by negative feedback mechanisms…..T/F

A

true

75
Q

the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the ____.

A

ureter

76
Q

most of the digestive enzymes found in the small intestine are secreted by the accessory organ.

A

pancreas

77
Q

saliva is composed mainly of ____.

A

water

78
Q 
all of the following are part of the alimentary canal except the \_\_\_\_\_. 
pharynx
esophagus
small intestine
liver
A

liver

79
Q

the pocketlike sacs of the large intestine are called

A

haustra

80
Q

the gastric cells that secrete pepsinogen are the _____.

A

cheif cells

81
Q

the secretion of amylase is part of which digestive process?

A

chemical digestion

82
Q

a ruptured follicle is transformed into the ___.

A

corpus luteum

83
Q

what percentage of sperm carry the Y chromosome?

A

50%

84
Q

which tube carries sperm from the scrotum to the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

ductus deferens

85
Q

capacitation refers to changes occurring in ____.

A

sperm before fertilization

86
Q

at the time of birth, the uterus has enlarged to the level of the ____.

A

xiphoid process

87
Q

in the developing fetus, all body systems are present by __.

A

8 weeks

88
Q

immediately after ovulation, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the ___.

A

corpus luteum

89
Q

the superior portion of the uterus is called the _____.

A

fundus

90
Q

fertilization typically occurs in the ____.

A

uterine tube

91
Q

it is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temp for abundant sperm formation..T/F

A

True

92
Q

a human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes …T/F

A

false

93
Q

the most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is____.

A

undescended testes

94
Q

which glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen

A

seminal vesicles

95
Q

which is not part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

A

corpus luteum

96
Q

conceptus is a term used to describe the developing human offspring…T/F?

A

true

97
Q

it is impossible for sperm to be functional until after _____.

A

they undergo capacitation

98
Q

Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. What structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy?

A

corpus luteum

99
Q

cleavage as part of embryonic development is distinctive because it involves ___.

A

cell division by mitosis with little or no growth between successive divisions

Anatomy and Physiology II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions