Veterinary Parasitology Flashcards
- In small animal medicine, fecal samples are often brought in by clients.
- These samples can certainly be acceptable if:
1
2
3
Collection
* The sample is fresh.
* Samples obtained later from the yard, pen, or litter box are not acceptable.
* The volume of sample is adequate.
• __________ describes a collection of fecal samples obtained from a group of animals that are housed together.
• It is important to note that the results of this fecal analysis will result in the whole herd being treated for the parasite.
Pooled fecal samples
Gross Examination
- consistency
- color
- blood
- mucous
- gross parasites
varies depending upon the species.
normal consistency
should be noted, as it could give insight into other underlying conditions.
Unusual color
- Parasites may be visible upon gross examination of the stool.
gross parasites
may be present on the surface of fresh feces.
Mucous
- The goal is to detect parasite ova or oocysts in the patient’s sample.
- Regardless of the preparation method, the examination procedure should be consistent.
Microscopic Examination
- One advantage is that is requires very little feces.
- This technique is particularly useful for ________, ________, __________.
- Direct fecal Smear
- viewing live, motile, trophozoites
- The principle behind this method is to use the differences in specific gravity of para-site eggs and cysts from that of fecal debris and the solution.
- In these methods, an estimate is made of the number of parasite ova per gram of feces.
- A common flotation medium is _
Simple Fecal Flotation
- sodium nitrate solution
- This technique is more efficient at recovering parasite ova from a sample.
- A _ is necessary for this technique.
Centrifugation Technique
- variable angle centrifuge
- _____________ is used to recover parasite larvae, not ova.
it isbased on the active migration or movement of larvae.
Baermann technique
Common name - Roundworms
Parasite location (adult) - small intestine
Transmission - ingestion of parasite egg containing the larval stage of the parasite; transmission through placenta and milk
Distribution - Worldwide
Host - Canine and Feline
Nematodes: Toxocara species: Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina
Common Parasites Of Domestic Species
- Canine and feline
- Toxocara canis (above)
- Toxascaris leonine (below)
- Ancylostoma spp.
- Trichuris spp. (whipworm)
- Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm)
- Taenia spp. Ova
- Echinococcus spp
- Paragonimus kellicotti
- Giardia cyst
- Cystoisospora felis (coccidia)
- Small Toxoplasma oocysts
- Cryptosporidium
Common name - - Canine and Feline hookworm
HOST (4)
Parasite location (adult) - Small intestine
Transmission - ingestion of eggs; placental; milk; through the skin
Distribution -
- Ancylostoma species:
Ancylostoma caninum,
Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala
-HOST -
U. stenocephala
A. caninum (canine),
A. tubaeforme (feline),
A. braziliense (canine and femaline)
DIS- Ancylostoma spp. (worldwide); U.stenocephala (North America)
Common name - Threadworms
host - Canine and Feline
Parasite location (adult) - small intestine
Transmission - Milk; through the skin
Distribution - Worlwide
- Strongyloides species: Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides trumiefaciense
Common name - Whipworm
Parasite location (adult) - Colon
Transmission - Ingestion of eggs
Distribution - Worldwide
- Trichuris species:
Trichuris vulpis, c
Trichuris campanula f
Trichuris serrate f
Common name - feline lungworm
Parasite location (adult) - Bronchioles
Transmission - Ingestion of larvae
Distribution - Worldwide
- Aelurostrongylus abstrusus f
Common name - Canine lungworm
- host - canine
Parasite location (adult) - Trachea; lungs; bronchioles
Transmission - Ingestion of stage 1 larvae
Distribution - North America, Europe, Japan
- Filaroides species:
Filaroides osleri,
Filaroides hirthi
Filaroides milksi
Common name - Double bored tapeworm, flea tapeworm
- host - Canine and feline
Parasite location (adult) - Small intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of infected adult flea (intermediate host)
Distribution - Worldwide
- Cestodes: Dipylidium caninum
Common name - Mutton tapeworm of dogs (T.ovis)
- host - dogs
Parasite location (adult) - small intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of infected intermediate host (rabbits, ruminants, and sheep, respectively)
Distribution - Worldwide
- Taenia species:
Taenia pisiformis,
Taenia hydatigena
Taenia ovis
Common name - Feline tapeworm
- host - feline
Parasite location (adult) - Small intestines
Transmission - Ingestion of infected intermediate host (rats and mice)
Dustribution - Worldwide
- Taenia taeniaeformis
Common name - Unilocular tapeworm and multilocular tapeworm
Parasite location (adult) - Small Intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of infected intermediate host
Distribution - Worlwide (E. granulosus); Northern hemisphere (E. multilocularis)
- Echinococcus species: Echinococcus granulosus canine Echinococcus multilocularis feline
inter host
cattle and sheep
rats, mice
Common name - Intestinal flukes
Parasite location (adult) - Small intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of infected intermediate host (frog, snake or mouse)
Distribution - Northern United States and Canada
- Trematodes: Alaria
- host - Canine and Feline
Common name - Lung fluke
Parasite location (adult) - Lung
Transmission - Ingestion of infected intermediate host (crayfish)
Distribution - North America
- Paragonium kellicotti
- host - Canine and Feline
Common name - Giardia
Parasite location (adult) - Intestinal mucosa
Transmission - Ingestion of oocysts
Distribution - Worldwide
- Protozoans: Giardia
- host - Caline, feline, equine, and ruminants
Common name - Coccidia
Parasite location (adult) - Small Intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of oocysts
Distribution - Worldwide
- Cystoisospora(formerly Isospora)
- host - Celine and Feline
Common name - Toxoplasma
- host - Feline (can occur in other species)
Parasite location (adult) - Intestines
Transmission - Ingestion of oocysts
Distribution - Worldwide
- Toxoplasma gondii
Common name - Crypto
Parasite location (adult) - Small Intestine
Transmission - Ingestion of oocysts
Distribution - Worldwide
- Cryptosporidium
- host - Canine, Feline, Ovine, and swine
