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ECG Flashcards

1
Q
  • _- Italian scientist ___ realizes that electricity is associated with
    the heart beat.
A

1842
Carlo Matteucci

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2
Q
  • __- Irish scientist __analyzes the electric pattern of frog’s heart.
A

1876
M a r y

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3
Q
  • _-___, credited for the invention of EKG
A

1895
William Einthoven

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4
Q

__ - using the string electrometer EKG, ___ diagnoses some
heart problems

A

1906
William Einthoven

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5
Q
  • ___- the noble prize for physiology or medicine is given to __
    for his work on EKG
A

1924
William Einthoven

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6
Q
  • __ -__ AND __defined and position of chest leads
A

1938
AHA and Cardiac society of great Britain

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7
Q

*__-__ increased __ by 50% and made

A

1942
Goldberger
Wilson’s Unipolar lead voltage

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8
Q
  • Is a graphic recording of the electrical activity of the heart
  • Converts the heart’s electrical activity into
    lines called “__
  • Can be seen on a monitor or printed out paper
A

electrocardiogram or ECG
- waveforms

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9
Q

The reference level for measuring ST-segment deviation (depression or elevation) is not the
TP interval. The correct reference level is the __. This level is also called ___

A

PR segment
- baseline level or isoelectric level.

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10
Q

corrected QT duration men:__

A

≤ 0,45 s

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11
Q

Corrected QT duration women:

A

≤ 0,47 s

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12
Q

measurement of ST-segment
depression in exercise stress testing.

A

J-60 point

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13
Q

measurement of ST-segment elevation and
ST segment depression in most instances.

A

ل point

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14
Q

(distance between R-waves)

A

RR interval

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15
Q

(distance between P-waves)

A

PP interval

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16
Q

PR interval

A

0,12- 0,22 s

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17
Q

PURPOSE/IMPORTANCE
of ECG

Verify these alterations in__
-provides information about the _
- provides information about __

A
  • heart rhythm
  • specific type of heart disease
  • which region in the heart is affected
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18
Q

REASON WHY ECG IS DONE
-If the patient had __
- If the patient has a medical condition that predisposes to heart disease, such as ,,,
- If the patient has other significant risk factors for _
- also required prior to _

A
  • heart disease in the past
  • hypertension, diabetes, high
    cholesterol, or inflammatory disease
  • cardiac disease
  • any type of heart surgery
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19
Q

INDICATIONS OF ECG

A

vheart arrhythmias
vconduction abnormalities
vMyocardial infarction
vCAD
vhypertrophic cardiomyopathy
vsigns of congenital electrical abnormalities
velectrolyte imbalances
vcongenital heart defects
vinfections involving the heart

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20
Q

RISK AND CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ECG

ECG is a safe test that does not cause _

A

health complications

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21
Q

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL
1. Before the Examination
___
1. During the Test
* __- Once in position, a total of __ are attached with a sticky, but easy-to-remove adhesive. __ is placed on each arm and leg, and __ on the chest.

__- AFTER THE TEST the __ are removed
* There are__ on patient’s activity
* Rarely, the adhesive can cause __,
which may not be obvious until about__ after the test.

A
  • No preparation required for taking ECG
  • pre-Test
    -ten electrodes
  • One electrode
  • six

-POST TEST
-electrodes
- no limitations
-allergic reactions or rashes
24 hours

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22
Q

What to Expect During an Electrocardiogram

  1. __ are
    attached to you
  2. Electrodes transmit
    __ to ECG machine
  3. ECG machine creates wave
    pattern representing
    __
A

10 electrodes
heart’s electrical activity
heart’s rhythm

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23
Q

RESPONSIBILITIES OF ECG TECHNICIAN

1 The technicians should remind the patients to__
2.Remind the patient not to wear _ during
ECG.
3.Check the machine for_
4.Check if the machine is_
5.The technicians should ensure_while taking ECG

A
  • lie flat and relaxed as possible
    jewelries/metal
    proper standardization
    properly grounded
    correct placement of leads
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24
Q
  • Are applied at specific locations on
    the patient’s chest wall and
    extremities to view the heart’s
    electrical activity from different
    angles and planes
A

Electrodes

25
LEAD WIRES OR CABLE CONNECTIONS 1 2
* Clip * Snap
26
* is a graph paper used to measure rate of impulse formation and the duration of the electrical events that occur in the heart * Made up of vertical and horizontal lines, which form large and small boxes
ECG paper
27
A ___ is a medical test that is recorded using leads, or nodes, attached to the body. Electrocardiograms, sometimes referred to as ECGs, capture the electrical activity of the heart and transfer it to graphed paper. * The ECG is made up of 12 characteristic views of the heart: __ __
LEAD SYSTEM - 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) - 6 from limb leads - 6 from chest leads
28
6 LIMB LEAD
1. 3 Bipolar limb leads 2. 3 Unipolar Augmented leads
29
3 Bipolar limb leads
(Standard limb leads)- I, II, III
30
3 Unipolar Augmented leads
- (aVR, aVL, aVF) - Obtained through 4 electrodes placed on the RA,RL,LA,LL
31
6 CHEST LEADS
(V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6)
32
- Electrode positioned in the 4th intercostal space in the right sternal border
V1
33
4th ICS in the left sternal borde
V2-
34
- Midway between V2 and V4
ØV3
35
- 5th ICS in the left midclavicular line
ØV4
36
- Same level as V4, anterior axillary line
ØV5
37
- Same level as V4 and V5 ,midaxillary line
ØV6
38
is the first positive deflection on the ECG * It represents __/__ * Normal duration: __
P WAVE - atrial depolarization / contraction - < 0.12 s (< 120ms or 3 small squares)
39
* In a __ , there should be a P wave before each __
sinus rhythm - QRS complex
40
Represents ventricular depolarization. * Composed of 3 waves: 1 2 3
QRS COMPLEX ØQ wave ØR wave ØS wave
41
is the first negative deflection.
ØQ wave
42
is the first positive deflection after the P wave.
ØR wave
43
is the negative deflection following R wave.
ØS wave
44
Measured from the beginning of P wave to the beginning of QRS complex.
PR INTERVAL
45
* The normal PR interval is__, represented by__
0.12 - 0.2 sec - 3-5 small squares.
46
an isoelectric line representing early ventricular repolarization
ST SEGMENT
47
is the positive deflection after each QRS complex. * It represents ventricular repolarization.
T wave
48
- results from slow repolarization of _ - is a small__ deflection immediately following the T wave, usually in the same direction as the T wave
U WAVE - ventricular Purkinje fibers - (0.5 mm)
49
* represents total time required for ventricular depolarization & repolarization from the beginning of QRS complex to the end of T wave
QT INTERVAL
50
* normal QT interval is __
0.36 to 0.45 sec
51
- Atrial Depolarization. Represents the depolarization that PR spreads from the SA node throughout the atria.
P-Wave
52
reflects the time delay between atria and ventricular activation.
PR segment
53
Ventricular Depolarization. This is the largest wave because the ventricle contains the most muscle.
QRS COmplex
54
Is an interval between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization.
ST Segment
55
Ventricular Repolarization. It.s when the ventricular wall relaxes and recovers from the contraction.
T-Wave
56
On __ he wrote “I had dissected and prepared a frog in the usual way and while I was attending to something else I laid it on a table on which stood on electrical machine at some distance from its conductor and was seperated from it by a considerable space. Suddenly when one of the persons present in there lightly touched the inner crural nerves of the frog with the point of scalpel, all the muscles of the legs seemed to contract again and again as if they were affected by powerful cramps.”
1786: Luigi Aloisio Galvani - September 20th 1786
57
A Dutch doctor and physiologist. He has invented the first practical electrocardiogram and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in __ for it NOW Modern ECG machine has evolved into compact electrocardiogram systems that often include computerized interpretation of the electrocardiogram
1903 Willem Einthoven - 1924
58
THE WIRING DIAGRAM OF THE HEART
1. SA node fires. 2. Excitation spreads through a trial myocardium. 3. AV node fires. 4. Excitation spreads down AV bundle. 5. Purkinje fibers distribute excitation through ventricular myocardium

SPDX (6 decks)

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