ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Flashcards
- Cardiac ultrasound
- utilizes ultrasound to produce images of the heart and vascular structures and to provide information about the _ AND _ of blood flow within these
structures.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- direction and velocity
- An ultrasound test that checks the structure and function of your heart.
- An echo can diagnose a range of conditions including _ AND _
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- cardiomyopathy and valve
disease
refers to_ well beyond the range of human hearing.
Ultrasound
- sound waves with a frequency
Providers often combine echo with
__ and __ to evaluate blood flow across your heart’s
valves
Doppler ultrasound and color
Doppler techniques
uses no radiation. This makes an echo different from other tests like X-rays and CT scans that use small amounts of radiation
Echocardiography
5 basic components of ultrasound scanner that are req for ___, ___ and ____ of an ultrasound image
generation, display and storage
- pulse generator
- transducer
- receiver
- display
- memory
applies high amplitude voltage to energize the crystals
pulse generator
converts electrical energy to mechanical (ultrasound) energy and vice versa
transducer
detects and amplifies weak signals
receiver
displays ultrasound signals in a variety of modes
display
stores video display
memory
IMPORTANCE of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Assess the overall function of the heart.
- Determine the presence of many types of heart
diseases. - Follow the progress of valve disease over time
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the medical or surgical
treatments
INDICATION of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Changes in the heart size
- Pumping strength
- Damage to the heart muscle
- Valve problems
- Heart defects
an enlarged heart is a sign that the heart is __, often due to __
overworked
high blood pressure
RISK /
CONTRAINDICATIONS
* No risks are involved in a __
* In a __, the patient’s
throat may sore for a few hours after the procedure
- standard transthoracic
echocardiogram - transesophageal echocardiogram
EXAMINATION PROTOCOL
Preparations:
* No special preparations are necessary for a ___.
* In___, the patient will be asked not to eat for several hours beforehand
- standard transthoracic echocardiogram
- transesophageal echocardiogram
PROCEDURE
* The technician will attach ___ to the patient’s body.
* The technician will also apply a __ to
the transducer that improves the ___.
* The technician will move the transducer back and forth over the chest to record images of ___ from the heart
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
- sticky patches (electrodes)
- gel
- conduction of sound waves
- sound- wave echoes
What to expect during an ___
1 __ is placed on chest
2 ___ sends sound waves through chest to heart
3 __ bounce back fr heart to transducer
4 ___ processes soundwave to make a visual beating heart
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- gel
- transducer
- sound waves
- computer
echo techniques
- M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - COLOR DOPPLER
- 2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - 3-D (three-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- most basic
- It is useful for measuring or viewing heart structures, such as the __,___,__
M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- heart’s pumping chambers, - the size of the heart itself,
- thickness of the heart
walls
Provides a single line of information at a
higher frame rate than can be obtained by __.
M-MODE/ (motion) mode
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- two-dimensional echocardiography
This technique enhances accurate determination of __ and __ of chamber size and wall thickness
M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- linear dimensions and
improves quantitation
- It is used to measure and assess the flow of blood through the heart’s chambers and valves.
- It can also detect abnormal blood flow within the heart
- not the best for measuring thickness
DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
allow for creation of anatomic images of the heart
M-mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography
utilizes ultrasound to record blood flow within
the cardiovascular system
Doppler echocardiography
An enhanced form of Doppler echocardiography.
-much specific
- color represents the direction of blood flow from the heart.
COLOR DOPPLER
Assesses blood flow based on changes in the __ due to the movement of ___ relative to the transducer.
COLOR DOPPLER
- ultrasonographic signal
- erythrocytes
This technique is used to “see” the actual motion of the heart structures
- to see live depolarization/repolariziation of the heart
2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
view appears __
on the monitor, and the real-time motion of the heart’s structures can be observed.
2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- cone-shaped
Captures three-dimensional views of the heart structures with greater detail than
2-D echo.
shows enhanced views of the heart’s anatomy
3-D (three-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
TYPES OF
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- TRANSTHORACIC
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- best procedure bec it gives superior images
- This test requires that the transducer be inserted down the throat into the esophagus.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- provides superior image quality, particularly for ___
structures which are nearer to the __ and less well visualized on __. - uses anesthesia via gel or spray
-takes __ to __
TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
-posterior cardiac
- esophagus
- transthoracic echocardiography
-20-40mins
This is the most common type of echocardiography.
* A device called a transducer will be
placed on your chest over your heart.
- preferred type because it is painless and noninvasive
TRANSTHORACIC
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- It is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle.
- diff from stress testing used ecg (check electric stability of the heart) but this uses ___.
STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- ultrasound
To visualize the motion of the heart’s walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed.
STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- A form of echocardiography performed during cardiac catheterization (not commonly done)
INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- It uses a transducer or probe to generate
sound waves and produce pictures of the
insides of blood vessels. - It is used to provide detailed information about the __
INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- atherosclerosis
uses sound waves to check the heart of your developing baby.
FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
can help find congenital heart defects before birth. If a heart problem can be found early, the more likely treatment will work
FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
A technician called a__ performs your echo. They’re trained in performing echo tests and using the most current technology.
* They’re prepared to work in a variety of settings including__ and __
cardiac sonographer
- hospital rooms and catheterization labs
