ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Flashcards
- utilizes ultrasound to produce images of the heart and vascular structures and to provide information about the _ AND _ of blood flow within these
structures.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
“Cardiac ultrasound”
- direction and velocity
- An ultrasound test that checks the structure and function of your heart.
- An echo can diagnose a range of conditions including _ AND _
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- cardiomyopathy and valve
disease
refers to_ well beyond the range of human hearing.
Ultrasound
- sound waves with a frequency
Providers often combine echo with
__ and __ to evaluate blood flow across your heart’s valves
Doppler ultrasound and color
Doppler techniques
uses no radiation. This makes an echo different from other tests like __ and _ that use small amounts of radiation
Echocardiography
- X-rays and CT scans
5 basic components of ultrasound scanner that are req for ___, ___ and ____ of an ultrasound image
generation, display and storage
- pulse generator
- transducer
- receiver
- display
- memory
applies high amplitude voltage to energize the crystals
pulse generator
converts electrical energy to mechanical (__) energy and vice versa
transducer
- ultrasound
detects and amplifies weak signals
receiver
displays ultrasound signals in a variety of modes
display
stores video display
memory
IMPORTANCE of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Assess the _
- Determine the presence of __
- Follow the progress__
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the __
- overall function of the heart
- many types of heart diseases
- of valve disease over time
medical or surgical treatments
INDICATION of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Changes in the heart size
- Pumping strength
- Damage to the heart muscle
- Valve problems
- Heart defects
an enlarged heart is a sign that the heart is __, often due to __
overworked
high blood pressure
RISK /
CONTRAINDICATIONS
* No risks are involved in a __
* In a __, the patient’s
throat may sore for a few hours after the procedure
- standard transthoracic
echocardiogram - transesophageal echocardiogram
EXAMINATION PROTOCOL
Preparations:
* No special preparations are necessary for a ___.
* In___, the patient will be asked not to eat for several hours beforehand
- standard transthoracic echocardiogram
- transesophageal echocardiogram
PROCEDURE
* The technician will attach ___ to the patient’s body.
* The technician will also apply a __ to
the transducer that improves the ___.
* The technician will move the transducer back and forth over the chest to record images of ___ from the heart
Transthoracic Echocardiogram
- sticky patches (electrodes)
- gel
- conduction of sound waves
- sound- wave echoes
What to expect during an ___
1 __ is placed on chest
2 ___ sends sound waves through chest to heart
3 __ bounce back fr heart to transducer
4 ___ processes soundwave to make a visual beating heart
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- gel
- transducer
- sound waves
- computer
echo techniques
- M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - COLOR DOPPLER
- 2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - 3-D (three-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- most basic
- It is useful for measuring or viewing heart structures, such as the __,___,__
M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- heart’s pumping chambers, - the size of the heart itself,
- thickness of the heart
walls
Provides a single line of information at a
higher frame rate than can be obtained by __.
M-MODE/ (motion) mode
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- two-dimensional echocardiography
This technique enhances accurate determination of linear dimensions and improves quantitation _ and _
M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- chamber size and wall thickness
- It is used to measure and assess the flow of blood through the heart’s chambers and valves.
- It can also detect abnormal blood flow within the heart
- not the best for measuring thickness
DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
allow for creation of anatomic images of the heart
M-mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography
utilizes ultrasound to record blood flow within
the cardiovascular system
Doppler echocardiography
An enhanced form of Doppler echocardiography.
-much specific
- color represents the direction of blood flow from the heart.
COLOR DOPPLER
Assesses blood flow based on changes in the __ due to the movement of ___ relative to the transducer.
COLOR DOPPLER
- ultrasonographic signal
- erythrocytes
This technique is used to “see” the actual motion of the heart structures
- to see live depolarization/repolariziation of the heart
2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
view appears __
on the monitor, and the real-time motion of the heart’s structures can be observed.
2-D (two-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- cone-shaped
Captures three-dimensional views of the heart structures with greater detail than
2-D echo.
shows enhanced views of the heart’s anatomy
3-D (three-dimentional)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
TYPES OF
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- TRANSTHORACIC
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM - FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- best procedure bec it gives superior images
- This test requires that the transducer be inserted down the throat into the esophagus.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- provides superior image quality, particularly for ___
structures which are nearer to the __ and less well visualized on __. - uses anesthesia via gel or spray
-takes __ to __
TRANSESOPHAGEAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
-posterior cardiac
- esophagus
- transthoracic echocardiography
-20-40mins
This is the most common type of echocardiography.
* A device called a transducer will be
placed on your chest over your heart.
- preferred type because it is painless and noninvasive
TRANSTHORACIC
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- It is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle.
- diff from stress testing used ecg (check electric stability of the heart) but this uses ___.
STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- ultrasound
To visualize the motion of the heart’s walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed.
STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- A form of echocardiography performed during cardiac catheterization (not commonly done)
INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- It uses a transducer or probe to generate
sound waves and produce pictures of the
insides of blood vessels. - It is used to provide detailed information about the __
INTRAVASCULAR
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- atherosclerosis
uses sound waves to check the heart of your developing baby.
FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
can help find congenital heart defects before birth. If a heart problem can be found early, the more likely treatment will work
FETAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
A technician called a__ performs your echo. They’re trained in performing echo tests and using the most current technology.
* They’re prepared to work in a variety of settings including__ and __
cardiac sonographer
- hospital rooms and catheterization labs
