ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q
  • utilizes ultrasound to produce images of the heart and vascular structures and to provide information about the _ AND _ of blood flow within these
    structures.
A

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
“Cardiac ultrasound”
- direction and velocity

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2
Q
  • An ultrasound test that checks the structure and function of your heart.
  • An echo can diagnose a range of conditions including _ AND _
A

ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- cardiomyopathy and valve
disease

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3
Q

refers to_ well beyond the range of human hearing.

A

Ultrasound
- sound waves with a frequency

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4
Q

Providers often combine echo with
__ and __ to evaluate blood flow across your heart’s valves

A

Doppler ultrasound and color
Doppler techniques

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5
Q

uses no radiation. This makes an echo different from other tests like __ and _ that use small amounts of radiation

A

Echocardiography
- X-rays and CT scans

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6
Q

5 basic components of ultrasound scanner that are req for ___, ___ and ____ of an ultrasound image

A

generation, display and storage
- pulse generator
- transducer
- receiver
- display
- memory

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7
Q

applies high amplitude voltage to energize the crystals

A

pulse generator

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8
Q

converts electrical energy to mechanical (__) energy and vice versa

A

transducer
- ultrasound

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9
Q

detects and amplifies weak signals

A

receiver

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10
Q

displays ultrasound signals in a variety of modes

A

display

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11
Q

stores video display

A

memory

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12
Q

IMPORTANCE of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Assess the _
- Determine the presence of __
- Follow the progress__
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the __

A
  • overall function of the heart
  • many types of heart diseases
  • of valve disease over time
    medical or surgical treatments
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13
Q

INDICATION of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

A
  • Changes in the heart size
  • Pumping strength
  • Damage to the heart muscle
  • Valve problems
  • Heart defects
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14
Q

an enlarged heart is a sign that the heart is __, often due to __

A

overworked
high blood pressure

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15
Q

RISK /
CONTRAINDICATIONS
* No risks are involved in a __
* In a __, the patient’s
throat may sore for a few hours after the procedure

A
  • standard transthoracic
    echocardiogram
  • transesophageal echocardiogram
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16
Q

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL
Preparations:
* No special preparations are necessary for a ___.
* In___, the patient will be asked not to eat for several hours beforehand

A
  • standard transthoracic echocardiogram
  • transesophageal echocardiogram
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17
Q

PROCEDURE
* The technician will attach ___ to the patient’s body.
* The technician will also apply a __ to
the transducer that improves the ___.
* The technician will move the transducer back and forth over the chest to record images of ___ from the heart

A

Transthoracic Echocardiogram
- sticky patches (electrodes)
- gel
- conduction of sound waves
- sound- wave echoes

18
Q

What to expect during an ___
1 __ is placed on chest
2 ___ sends sound waves through chest to heart
3 __ bounce back fr heart to transducer
4 ___ processes soundwave to make a visual beating heart

A

ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- gel
- transducer
- sound waves
- computer

19
Q

echo techniques

A
  • M-MODE
    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
  • DOPPLER
    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
  • COLOR DOPPLER
  • 2-D (two-dimentional)
    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
  • 3-D (three-dimentional)
    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
20
Q
  • most basic
  • It is useful for measuring or viewing heart structures, such as the __,___,__
A

M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- heart’s pumping chambers, - the size of the heart itself,
- thickness of the heart
walls

21
Q

Provides a single line of information at a
higher frame rate than can be obtained by __.

A

M-MODE/ (motion) mode
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- two-dimensional echocardiography

22
Q

This technique enhances accurate determination of linear dimensions and improves quantitation _ and _

A

M-MODE
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- chamber size and wall thickness

23
Q
  • It is used to measure and assess the flow of blood through the heart’s chambers and valves.
  • It can also detect abnormal blood flow within the heart
  • not the best for measuring thickness
A

DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

24
Q

allow for creation of anatomic images of the heart

A

M-mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

25
utilizes ultrasound to record blood flow within the cardiovascular system
Doppler echocardiography
26
An enhanced form of Doppler echocardiography. -much specific - color represents the direction of blood flow from the heart.
COLOR DOPPLER
27
Assesses blood flow based on changes in the __ due to the movement of ___ relative to the transducer.
COLOR DOPPLER - ultrasonographic signal - erythrocytes
28
This technique is used to "see" the actual motion of the heart structures - to see live depolarization/repolariziation of the heart
2-D (two-dimentional) ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
29
view appears __ on the monitor, and the real-time motion of the heart's structures can be observed.
2-D (two-dimentional) ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - cone-shaped
30
Captures three-dimensional views of the heart structures with greater detail than 2-D echo. shows enhanced views of the heart's anatomy
3-D (three-dimentional) ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
31
TYPES OF ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM - TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM - STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM - INTRAVASCULAR ECHOCARDIOGRAM - FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM
32
- best procedure bec it gives superior images - This test requires that the transducer be inserted down the throat into the esophagus.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM
33
- provides superior image quality, particularly for ___ structures which are nearer to the __ and less well visualized on __. - uses anesthesia via gel or spray -takes __ to __
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM -posterior cardiac - esophagus - transthoracic echocardiography -20-40mins
34
This is the most common type of echocardiography. * A device called a transducer will be placed on your chest over your heart. - preferred type because it is painless and noninvasive
TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM
35
* It is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. * diff from stress testing used ecg (check electric stability of the heart) but this uses ___.
STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM - ultrasound
36
To visualize the motion of the heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed.
STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM
37
* A form of echocardiography performed during cardiac catheterization (not commonly done)
INTRAVASCULAR ECHOCARDIOGRAM
38
* It uses a transducer or probe to generate sound waves and produce pictures of the insides of blood vessels. * It is used to provide detailed information about the __
INTRAVASCULAR ECHOCARDIOGRAM - atherosclerosis
39
uses sound waves to check the heart of your developing baby.
FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM
40
can help find congenital heart defects before birth. If a heart problem can be found early, the more likely treatment will work
FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM
41
A technician called a__ performs your echo. They’re trained in performing echo tests and using the most current technology. * They’re prepared to work in a variety of settings including__ and __
cardiac sonographer - hospital rooms and catheterization labs