Veterinary Laboratory Procedures Flashcards
The variety of sophisticated laboratory equipment in a veterinary practice will depend largely on the _ and _ of the practice itself.
Laboratory Equipment
- size and scope
purpose is used to review fecal, urine, blood, and cytology samples on a daily basis.
microscope
numerous type exist for different purposes, such as those for microhematocrit, fecal, urine, and blood samples.
centrifuge
Types of Centrifuge
- Microhematocrit Centrifuge
- Clinical centrifuge
- StatSpin
This process is used for determining a patient’s PCV (packed cell volume) or can also provide a _ sample for protein analysis.
Microhematocrit Centrifuge
- plasma
Clinical centrifuge are available in two main types:
variable angle centrifuge
fixed angle centrifuge
These qualities could be beneficial in a small animal or exotic veterinary practice.
StatSpin
purpose in veterinary laboratories is to measure urine specific gravity and plasma total protein.
refractometer
- Most use the principles of photometry to quantify analytes, such as enzymes, proteins, and other constituents in the blood.
- ___ are used to analyze ionic com- pounds such as electrolytes.
Chemistry Analyzers
- Electrochemical methods
- Examples of the technologies used are__, __ and __
- An analyzer may use one, or a combination of these technologies to detect and enumerate the cells present in the sample
Hematology Analyzers
- impedance, laser-based, and optical fluorescence
In-house coagulation testing is available to screen for coagulation disorders and measure fibrinogen levels.
Coagulation Analyzers
- Proper blood collection and handling techniques:
- Blood can be collected from many sites on animals; the most common for mammals is the ______, ______, and _______ and _____________.
- ________, _________, and _________ have different locations for blood collection specific to the species.
- Blood Analysis
- Hematology
- jugular, cephalic and lateral and medial saphenous veins
- Reptilian, amphibian and avian species
Common tubes used in Veterinary Medicine
- Purple top
- Green top
- Red top
- Gray and red top (tiger top, marble top)
- Blue top
Purple top
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant for a:
- complete blood count (CBC) (not all machines)
- mammalian blood smear
- plasma for specific tests,
- blood typing
Green top
- Sodium or lithium heparin anticoagulant
—for CBC (not all machines), avian/reptilian/amphibian blood smear - plasma for specific tests.
— for clotting a blood sample but does not separate the clot from the serum. Serum is used to run chemistries. Red tops are often used for _ and _
red top (plain)
- sterile urine collection and other bodily fluids
—for clotting a blood sample; separates the clot from the serum. Used for most tests requiring serum. Some tests require no gel separator during centrifugation and transportation. Use a_ in these cases.
Gray and red top (tiger top, marble top)
- Plain with silicone gel separator
- plain red top
Blue top
- Sodium citrate—for coagulation profiles on any species
cells can be easily counted and their morphological characteristics evaluated accurately.
Peripheral Blood Smears
They can give insight to the size and hemoglobin concentration of the average RBC in the patient’s sample.
Red Blood Cell Indices
should be performed on every anemic patient (except for _, which do not release reticulocytes into circulation)
Reticulocyte Count
- horses
This can provide useful diagnostic information in cases of inflammation, infection, and antigenic responses.
White Blood Cell Differential
Normal species variation of leukocytes/
Canine leukocyte morphology
- canine neutrophil
- canine basophil
- canine monocyte
- canine eosinophil
- canine lymphocyte
Normal species variation of leukocytes/
Feline leukocyte morphology
- Feline neutrophil
- Feline basophil
- Feline monocyte
- Feline eosinophil
- Feline lymphocyte
