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Neuro Mini Exam > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

hair cell

A

transducer
-do not fire APs

synapse with primary afferents

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2
Q

primary afferents

A
  • axons in vestibulocochlear nerve
  • cell bodies in vestibular ganglion (petrous portion of temporal bone)

don’t decussate

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3
Q

vestibular system

A

signals posntion and movement
-detects acceleration and gravity

series of membranous tubes
-in temporal bone

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4
Q

targets of vestibular info

A 
cortex
cerebellum
spinal cord
-vestibulospinal tract
cranial nerve III, IV, VI
reticular formation
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5
Q

hair cell anatomy

A

tallest sterocilia - kinocilium

stereocilia on apical surface

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6
Q

apical vs. basilar hair cell

A

endolymph - apical
-high K

perilymph - basilar
-low K

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7
Q

baseline activity of hair cell

A

results in baseline activity of afferent nerve

increase or decrease firing

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8
Q

kinocilium

A

reference

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9
Q

movement of stereocilia

A

towards kinocilium - depolarization

away from kinocilium - hyperpolarization

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10
Q

tip links

A

connect stereocilia

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11
Q

peripheral apparatus

A

tubes in temporal bone
-nerves through internal acoustic meatus

setup orients and applies mechanical force to hair cell stereocilia

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12
Q

ampulla

A

ends of semicircular ducts

where hair cells are

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13
Q

otolith organs

A

where semicircular ducts attach

utricle - semicirc duct attachment
saccule

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14
Q

angular acceleration

A

semicircular ducts

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15
Q

linear acceleration

A

otolth organs

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16
Q

utricle

A

horizontal acceleration

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17
Q

saccule

A

vertical acceleration

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18
Q

fluid lags

A

when head rotation occurs

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19
Q

head rotation

A

tubes rotate

  • endolymph lags behind
  • this is detected by hair cells in ampulla
20
Q

functional pairs

A

semicircular ducts function in right/left pairs

respond oppositely in response to head turn
-gives differential signal

21
Q

differential signal

A

important because it increases sensitivity of the system

-detect minute accelerations

22
Q

otolith organs

A

sense linear acceleration/gravity

23
Q

utricle

A

horizontal

24
Q

saccule

A

vertical

25
Q

maculae

A

in utricle and saccule
-has hair cells

covered by otolith membranes
-membrane has greater mass due to ear stones

26
Q

striola

A

division of maculae
-hair cells oppositely polarized in each half

oriented in curve

27
Q

each maculae

A

gives differential signal

28
Q

maculae orientation

A

every plane in x and y axis

29
Q

peripheral apparatus

A

include semicircular ducts and otolith organs

-detect acceleration and gravity

30
Q

primary efferents

A

cell bodies in vestibular ganglion

31
Q

axons of primary efferents

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

most synapse in vestibular nuclei
-some to cerebellum (ipsilateral)

32
Q

vestibular nuclei

A

four each side

  • ventral and lateral to 4th ventricle
  • distribute info and regulate reflexes
33
Q

vestibular nuclei activity

A

have baseline

34
Q

targets of vestibular information

A 
cerebellum
reticular formation
cerebral cortex
spinal cortex (LVST/MVST)
cranial nerve III, VI, VI
-eye movement opposite to keep image on retina
35
Q

vestibuloocular reflex

A

moving head allows you to focus on moving words

-maintain gaze during head movements

36
Q

path of vestibuloocular reflex

A

axons in MLF - ascend to motor nuclei of III, IV, VI

37
Q

abducent nuclei

A

cell bodies that are LMNs

-ipsilateral lateral rectus m.

38
Q

trochlear nuclei

A

superior oblique m.

39
Q

oculomotor nuclei

A

medial rectus, and others

40
Q

nystagmus

A

series of back and forth eye movements
-slow one way, fast other way

-can be pathologic of normal

slow - VOR
fast - visual motor system

named for direction of fast phase

41
Q

slow nystagmus movement

A

slow - VOR

42
Q

vestibulocollic reflex

A

postural muscles of neck
-extension ipsilateral to depolarized hair cells

bilateral projection

medial vestibulospinal tract
-descending MLF/MVST

43
Q

vestibulospinal reflex

A

through lateral vestibulospinal tract

ipsilateral projection

to LMNs in axial and antigravity muscles of limb

44
Q

vestibular reflexes

A

based on comparison of differential signals

asymmetry of signals that drives reflexes

45
Q

lesions

A

irritative

destructive - more common

46
Q

hair cells

A

can be killed with antibiotices

47
Q

fast phase nystagmus

A

away from lesion

head/body tilt, leaning and falling toward lesion

Neuro Mini Exam (7 decks)

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