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Neuro Mini Exam > Eye Histology > Flashcards

Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of eye

A

two compartments - anterior and posterior

-divided by lens, suspensory ligaments, ciliary body

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2
Q

anterior compartment

A

aqueous humor, anterior and posterior chambers

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3
Q

posterior compartment

A

vitreous humor (jelly like, proteins, hyaluronic acid, specialized cell types)

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4
Q

three tissue types in eye

A 
exterior > interior 
corneo-scleral (fibrous tunic)
uveal layer (vascular tunic)
retinal layer (neural tunic)
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5
Q

sclera

A

white of eye posterior 5/6 of eye

-made of corneo-scleral layer

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6
Q

uveal layer

A

vascular layer

  • choroid - posterior of 5/6 eye
  • anterior - ciliary body and iris
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7
Q

retinal layer

A

anterior - pigmented epithelium

posterior - neuronal

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8
Q

accessory structures of eye

A

conjunctiva
lacrimal gland
eyelid

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9
Q

conjunctiva

A

glands
tarsal gland and lacrimal gland

continuous with the sclera
ends corneo-scleral lymbus

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10
Q

sclera

A

collagen and elastin

-nearly avascular, except scleral horn

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11
Q

cornea

A

transparent in anterior 1/6 of eye

avascular but highly innervated

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12
Q

5 layers of cornea

A 
outer epithelium
bowmans membrane
substantia propria
descemets membrane
corneal endothelium
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13
Q

outer epithelium of cornea

A

non-keratinized squamous

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14
Q

bowmans membrane

A

thin basal lamina

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15
Q

substantia propria

A

dense collagen tissue with sparse keratinocytes

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16
Q

descemets membrane

A

thick basal lamina

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17
Q

corneal endothelium

A

responsible for active transport of fluid out of SP and allowing diffusion of metabolites from aqueous humor

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18
Q

cornea

A

myelinated due to schwann cells

-become unmyelinated in corneal epithelium

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19
Q

corneal epithelium stem cells

A

at corneal-scleral lymbus

  • can multiple to heal the cornea
  • tissues underneath - don’t have ability to regenerate
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20
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

  • focused in front of retina
  • cornea too curved, lens too powerful
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21
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

  • focused behind retina
  • lens and cornea too weak
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22
Q

lasik

A

laser assisted in situ keratomileusis

for both myopia and hyperopia

corneal flap raised - ablation of corneal stroma

  • flap irrigated and replaced
  • no sutures applied
  • corneal epithelial cells are replaced by mitotic cells found in periphery, which migrate into wound
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23
Q

uveal layer

A

back of eye - choroid

24
Q

choroid

A

blood supply to outer layers of retina

  • photoreceptor cells
  • loose CT, fibroblasts, melanocyte
  • bruchs membrane
  • choriocapillaris
25
Q

bruch membrane

A

separate choroid from retina

-controls movement of metabolites

26
Q

choriocapillaris

A

next to retina, rich in capillaries

27
Q

drusen

A

deposited between retina and bruchs membrane
-often later in life

sign of macular degeneration

impede flow and exchange of metabolites
-cannot support photoreceptors

28
Q

ciliary body

A

anterior uveal layer

  • wedge shaped - between iris and vitreous body
  • loose CT, smooth m., pigmented / nonpigmented epithelium, zonule fibers
29
Q

zonule fibers

A

radiate from ciliary processes to lens

30
Q

function of ciliary body

A

production of aqueous humor

31
Q

accomodation

A

change shape of lens to view something closer/farther

  • with help of ciliary muscles in ciliary body
  • three bundles
  • one opens canal of schlemm, two stretch ciliary body
32
Q

close vision

A

ciliary muscle contracts

33
Q

distant vision

-lax zonule fibers

A

ciliary muscle relaxed

-tense zonule fibers

34
Q

suspensory ligaments??

A

look at notes

35
Q

pigmented ciliary epithelial cell

A

outside layer

36
Q

nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cell

A

inside layer

37
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

open to pigmented ciliary epithelial layer

  • goes to ciliary channel
  • non-pigmented layer for active transport
38
Q

circulation of aqueous humor

A

important for intraocular pressure

  • fluid flows posterior chamber to anterior chamber
  • to trabecular meshwork
  • to canal of schlemm (circular canal)
  • drains to episcleral veins
39
Q

corneal irideal angle

A

area between descemets membrane of cornea and anteiror surface of iris

canal of schlemm forms complete circle here

40
Q

glaucoma

A

group of Dx characterized by optic neuropathy

-loss of vision due to death of retinal ganglion cells (back of eye)

41
Q

risk factor for glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

42
Q

clinician looking for glaucoma

A

size of cup of optic nerve

43
Q

open angle glaucoma

A 
most common
corneal irideal angle is open
-increased IOP
-optic nerve cupping
-Tx: prostaglandins, beta blockers, alpha adrenergic agonists, trabeculectomy or trabecloplasty
44
Q

angle closure glaucoma

A

corneal-irideal angle is obstructed

  • aqueous outflow impeded
  • primary anatomic cause or secondary cause

Pt may show characteristic conjunctival redness

45
Q

iris

A

colored anterior extension of ciliary body

  • controls pupil
  • separates anterior and posterior chambers
  • two concentric ring
46
Q

anterior iris

A

does not have epithleium

pigmented melanocyetes - determine color

47
Q

stroma of iris

A

vascularized loose CT with radial vessels

48
Q

contractile of iris

A

dilator pupillae muscle (sympathetic)

sphincter pupillae muscle (parasympathetic)

49
Q

posterior surface of iris

A

pigmented epithelium, continuous with ciliary body

50
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex, avascular

-supported by zonule fibers

51
Q

three components of lens

A 
lens capsule
lens epithelium (only anterior and lateral surface)
lens fibers - elongated flattened
52
Q

types of lens fibers

A

cortical lens fibers

nuclear lens fibers

53
Q

crystalline protein

A

makes lens clear

solubility of these proteins is important
-must be hydrated

54
Q

insoluble crystalline protein

A

precipitate out - form cataracts

55
Q

cataracts

A

leading cause of blindness worldwide

  • mechanism unknown
  • as lens cells become fibers, never shed
  • continue to compact nucleus of eye
  • damage is accumulated to these cells

believe cause is photo/oxidative injury

56
Q

Tx of cataract

A

surgical replacement of synthetic intraocular lens

  • emulsify lens and remove it
  • put in new synthetic lens

Neuro Mini Exam (7 decks)

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