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Graduate School > Vestib: Central Anatomy > Flashcards

Vestib: Central Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS & where does it send its information to?

A

It is the central processing mechanism

Sends its outputs to the spinal cord and the ocular muscles to generate the VOR

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2
Q

What is the role of the VOR?

A
  1. Keeps the eyes steady while the head is moving
  2. Angular VOR is controlled by the SCCs to allow gaze stabilization
  3. Linear VOR is controlled by the otoliths to compensate for translation/tilt
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3
Q

What is the role of the VSR?

A

Prevents falls by maintaining head and postural stability by compensating body movements

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4
Q

When is the VOR most effective?

A

Between 1-4HZ

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5
Q

List the four retus muscles of the extraocular muscles

A
  1. Medial
  2. Lateral
  3. Superior
  4. Inferior
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6
Q

List the two oblique muscles of the extraocular muscles

A
  1. Inferior
  2. Superior
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7
Q

What direction does the SR muscle move?

A

Intorsion & Elevation

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8
Q

What direction does the IR muscle move?

A

Abduction & depression

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9
Q

What direction does the MR muscle move?

A

Adduction

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10
Q

What direction does the IO muscle move?

A

Extorsion, abduction, and elevation

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11
Q

What direction does the SO muscle move?

A

Intorsion, abduction, and depression

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12
Q

What direction does the LR muscle move?

A

abduction

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13
Q

The oculomotor III inervates which muslces?

A

Contra SR
Ipsi IR
Ipsi MR
Ipsi IO

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14
Q

The trochlear IV inervates which muslces?

A

Contra SO

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15
Q

The abducens VI inervates which muslces?

A

Ipsi LR

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16
Q

What is the mnemonic for the nerve supply to the extraocular muscles?

A

LR6 SO4 O3

0 = other muscles (superior, inferior, medial recti & inferior oblique

17
Q

Which two ocular eye muscles are innervated from contralateral projections?

A

SO & SR

18
Q

When excited, where does the SCC afferent send projections to in the VN first?

A

Abducens

19
Q

What is the name of the pathway that helps conjugate eye movements?

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasiculus (MLF)

20
Q

When you rotate your head to the left, which eye muslces contract?

A

MR (left) contracts

LR (right) contracts

21
Q

When you rotate your head to the right, which eye muslces contract?

A

MR (right) contracts

LR (left) contracts

22
Q

Which part of the cerebellum responds to Vestibular stimulation?

A

Vermis - Cerebellar midline

23
Q

What parts of the cerebellum are referred to as “Vestibular Cerebellum”

A

Flocculus

Nodulus

Uvula

Fastigial nucleus

24
Q

In the cerebellum, what happens if there’s an impairment in the nodulus/uvula (NOD)

A
  1. Periodic alternating nystagmus
  2. Positional downbeat or positional apogeotropic horizontal direction changing nystagmus
25
Q

In the cerebellum, what happens if there’s an impairment in the Fastigial nucleus (FN)

A

Hypermetric saccades with Fastigial nucleus lesions

26
Q

In the cerebellum, what happens if there’s an impairment in the flocculus/paraflocculus (tonsil)

A
  1. Downbeat gaze evoked and rebound nystagmus
  2. Abnormal aplitude and direction of VOR
  3. Impairment of smooth pursuit and VOR cancellation
27
Q

In the cerebellum, what happens if there’s an impairment in the oculomotor vernis (OMV)

A

Hypometric saccades with ocular motor vermis lesions

28
Q

What does the superior Vestibular artery supply?

A

Horizontal & Superior SCCs & Utricle

29
Q

What does the common cochlear artery flow into?

A

Posterior SCC, Saccule, & Cochlea

30
Q

Why does nystagmus occur & how is it named?

A

The imbalance in the Vestibular firing rate

Named according to fast phase

31
Q

When does nystagmus increases?

A

During the gaze in the direction of the spontaneous nystagmus and decreases during the gaze in the opposite direction (Alexander’s law)

32
Q

What happens in an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular impairment?

A

The spontaneous nystagmus is horizontal, beating away from the lesion side, & toward the more neurally-active side

33
Q

What can we expect for impaired VOR during head movements?

A
  1. Normal VOR for slow/prolonged head rotation
  2. Normal VOR for quick head rotation toward the normal ear
  3. Abnormal VOR for quick head rotation toward the lesioned ear

Graduate School (14 decks)

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