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Graduate School > Middle Ear Pathologies > Flashcards

Middle Ear Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is Otitis Media (OM) with Effusion?

A

Swelling of the middle ear space with fluid buildup.

Fluid can become infected if left unchecked.

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2
Q

What is the presentation of an Otitis Media with Effusion?

A

Presents as a flat tymp and flat CHL

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3
Q

What treatment is used for OM w/Effusion?

A
  1. Typically resolves on its own
  2. Can be treated with antibiotics
  3. Can be treated with myringotomy for severe or chronic cases.
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4
Q

Which population is affected by OM w/Effusion?

A
  1. Children due to immature Eustachian tube

2. Common in kids with craniofacial anomalies

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5
Q

What is ossicular discontinuity (OD)?

A

Condition where the ossicles become detached or dislocated

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6
Q

What causes OD?

A
  1. Physical trauma
  2. Cholesteatoma
  3. Chronic OM
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7
Q

What is the presentation of OD?

A

Causes CHL of 30-50dB for complete discontinuity

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8
Q

What is the treatment for OD?

A

Must be sugically repaired to partially restore middle ear function

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9
Q

For OD treatment, what does the surgical success depends on?

A

The extent of the damage

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10
Q

Which population is OD more common in?

A
  1. Patients with history of temporal bone fracture

2. Continuous OM and Choleseotoma

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11
Q

What is Otosclerosis?

A

Abnormal growth that causes fixation of the stapes in the oval window

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12
Q

T/F: Otosclerosis runs in the family and is thought to be hereditary.

A

T

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13
Q

What is the presentation of Otosclerosis?

A
  1. Causes CHL or MHL

2. Characteristic is a dip in bone conduction at 2kHz with better thresholds at 4kHz

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14
Q

What is the common name association with Otosclerosis on the audiogram?

A

Carhart’s Notch

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15
Q

What is the treatment for Otosclerosis?

A
  1. Amplification
  2. Stapes surgery in severe cases
  3. Drugs and vitamins can be used to help support healthy bones
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16
Q

Which population is affected the most with Otosclerosis?

A
  1. Develops in young adulthood
  2. Progress throughout life
  3. More common in women than men
  4. Can be brought on by pregnancy
17
Q

What is Cholesteatoma?

A

An infectious growth of dead skins in the middle ear & smells

18
Q

T/F: Cholesteatoma has bad smell due to infectious nature?

A

T

19
Q

What occurs if Cholesteatoma is left untreated?

A
  1. Spread to surrounding tissues
  2. Cause meningitis
  3. Facial nerve paralysis
  4. Vertigo
  5. Bone erosion
20
Q

What is the treatment options for Cholesteatoma?

A
  1. First treated with antibiotics

2. May require surgical removal and repair of damaged structures in ME.

21
Q

Cholesteatoma is common in?

A

Patients with a history of recurrent OM

22
Q

What is a Glomus Tumor?

A

Benign growths in the vasculature of the head and neck

23
Q

Where does the Glomus Tumor normally grows?

A

Around the carotid or jugular vein.

24
Q

What is the presentation of a Glomus Tumor?

A
  1. Visible during otoscopy

2. Looks like an angry red mass

25
Q

What can occur if the Glomus Tumor continues to grow?

A

As it grows, it can press against structures of the ME & IE to cause hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or pain/bleeding

26
Q

What is the treatment for Glomus Tumor?

A

Can be surgically removed or treated with gamma knife if it starts causing problems

27
Q

T/F: Glomus Tumors are asymptomatic?

A

T

28
Q

Which population is affected by Glomus Tumors and why?

A

Often diagnosed in older adults than younger adults due to younger adults being asymptomatic since the tumor is small

29
Q

What is Mastoidits?

A

Infectious swelling of the mastoid bone

30
Q

What is the presentation for Mastoidits?

A
  1. Painful swelling behind the ear

2. Left untreated, can lead to meningitis or other brain infections and death

31
Q

How is Mastoidits treated?

A
  1. Antibiotics

2. Surgery to remove infected tissue in mastoid bone

32
Q

For Mastoidits, as an Audiologist, what should you be mindful of?

A

EMIs since a mastectomy causes changes in the outer ear, there’s extra space between the second bend

33
Q

What population is affected my Mastoidits?

A

Common in kids where recurrent OM gets into mastoid air space through tympanic aditus and antrum.

Graduate School (14 decks)

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