Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Graduate School > The Vestibular System > Flashcards

The Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general orientation of the utricle and saccule?

A

Utricle is oriented in the horizontal plane

Saccule is in the verticle plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the orientation of the utricle and saccule contribute to the perception of linear motion?

A

Each organ has a macula with hair cells embedded in a gelatinous membrane. The membrane has otoconia. When the body moves, the otoconia shifts due to gravity or inertia, which causes the hair cells to deflect and stimulate the organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the cupula stimulated by the rotations of the head?

A

When the head turns, the cupula moves against the flow of endolymph. This displacement deflects hair cells stereocilia within the cupula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe how the three semicircular canals work in pairs.

A

The canals on each side of the head works in pairs. The horizontal canals work together and the left posterior canal works with right anterior canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the orientation of three semicircular canals relates to the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

The canals are aligned to the planes of the eye muscles: horizontal canals are in the plane of the lateral and medial rectus, anterior and posterior are aligned with the superior/inferior recturs and oblique muscles. Once rotational movement occurs, this causes stimulation on one side and inhibits the other side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the three cranial nerves involved in the vestibulo-occular reflex?

A
  1. Oculomotor (III)
  2. Trochlear (IV)
  3. Adbucens (VI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes BPPV?

A

It’s a vestiblar disorder where the otoconia becomes displaced from the otolithic membrane and floats through the semicircular canals, causing vertigo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we test for BPPV?

A

Dix-Hallpike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can BPPV be treated?

A

Epley Maneuver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the two otolith organs sense?

A

Linear acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Both the utricle and saccule contains:

A

Hair cells called macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which otolith organ is the largest?

A

Utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The otolith forms

A

The base of all three semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The saccule is sensitive to:

A

Gravity while standing and acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the macula?

A

Layer of supporting cells surroudning hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the hair cells of the macula embedded?

A

Gelatinous otolithic membranes

17
Q

What does the surface of the otolithic membrane have?

A

A calcium carbonate called otoconia.

18
Q

What does each otlith organ have?

A

A macula

19
Q

What are three semicircular canals?

A
  1. Anterior (Superior) Canal
  2. Lateral (Horizontal)
  3. Posterior (Inferior)
20
Q

What is the anterior canal sensitive to?

A

The rotation in the sagittal plane

21
Q

What is the lateral canal sensitve to?

A

The rotation in the transverse plane

22
Q

What is the posterior canal sensitive to?

A

The rotation in the coronal plane.

23
Q

What is each semicircular canal connected to?

A

The utricle at a widened based called the ampulla

24
Q

What’s within the ampulla?

A

Cupula

25
Q

What’s within the cupula?

A

Sensory hair cells embedded in the crista ampularis.

26
Q

When rotational movement of the vestibular-ocular occurs, what happens:

A
  1. Stimulation contracts one set of the eye muscles

2. Inhibition relaxes other set of eye muscles

27
Q

What is the net result of vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

Eyes shifting in unison to perfectly counteract the turn of the head

28
Q

What happens when the vesitbular system detects movement of the head?

A

It reflexively activates the eye muscles to maintain visual fixation

29
Q

What happens when someone has vertigo>

A

Their eyes move reflexively to counteract their perceived movement

30
Q

What do e three cranial nerves involved in the vestibulo-occular reflex have in common?

A
  1. All motor nerves

2. All project to eye muscles

31
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Involuntary rhythmic motion of the eyes

32
Q

What is vertigo?

A

False sensation of spinning

33
Q

What causes nystagmus?

A

Stimulation of the vesitbular system while the head is stationary

Graduate School (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions