Vessels (REYNOLDS) Flashcards
Which of the following can directly control blood flowing into capillaries?
A. Vasoconstriction through parasympathetic stimulation
B. Vasoconstriction through sympathetic stimulation
C. Precapillary sphincters
D. Vasodilation through parasympathetic stimulation
C. Precapillary sphincters
***POSSIBLE EXAM Q***
_______ directly controls blood flow into capillaries.
Precapillary sphincters
Which of the following gives capillaries the ability to perform gas and nutrient exchange?
A. Diffusion across membranes
B. Small molecule transporters
C. Transcytosis
D. Leaks between cells
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is the most common type of capillaries?
A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Discontinuous capillaries
D. All of the above
A. Continuous capillaries
Which of the following is mostly found in the small intestine, kidney glomerulous, and endocrine glands?
A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Discontinuous capillaries
D. All of the above
B. Fenestrated capillaries
Continuous = most tissue
Fenestrated = small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal = liver, lymphoid, hematopoietic and endocrine
Which of the following is mostly found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine and hematopoietic?
A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Discontinuous capillaries
D. All of the above
C. Discontinuous capillaries
Continuous = most tissue
Fenestrated = small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal = liver, lymphoid, hematopoietic and endocrine
Fenestrated capillaries are found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Liver
B. Small intestine
C. Kidneys
D. endocrine glands
E. Fenestrated capillaries are found in all of the above
A. Liver
Continuous = most tissue
Fenestrated = small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal = liver, lymphoid, hematopoietic and endocrine
Discontinuous (Sinusoidal) capillaries are found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Liver
B. Lymphoid
C. Endocrine
D. Hematopoietic
E. Small intestine
E. Small intestine
Continuous = most tissue
Fenestrated = small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal = liver, lymphoid, hematopoietic and endocrine
Discontinuous (Sinusoidal) capillaries are found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Endocrine
D. Hematopoietic
E. Lymphoid
B. Kidneys
Continuous = most tissue
Fenestrated = small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoidal = liver, lymphoid, hematopoietic and endocrine
Which of the following contains a perforated endothelium but continuous basement membrane?
A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Sinusoidal capillaries
D. All of the above
B. Fenestrated capillaries
Fenestrated = perforated endothelium but continuous BM
Sinusoidal = perforated endothelium and BM
Which of the following contains a perforated endothelium AND perforated basement membrane?
A. Continuous capillaries
B. Fenestrated capillaries
C. Sinusoidal capillaries
D. All of the above
C. Sinusoidal capillaries
Fenestrated = perforated endothelium but continuous BM
Sinusoidal = perforated endothelium and BM
Which of the following carry blood away from capillary beds toward the heart?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Arterioles
D. Venules
D. Venules
note: the Venous system ALWAYS caries blood to the heart
(T/F)
The venous system contains the least volume of blood.
FALSE
The venous system contains majority of blood!!!
***MAY BE EXAM Q***
What is the equation for Resistance?
***Possible EXAM Q***
Resistance = Viscosity x length / radius4
Not as emphasized equation to remember:
- Total capillary blood flow
Flow = (initial pressure - final pressure) / Resistance
Which of the following is the equation for Resistance:
A. Resistance = length x radius / viscosity
B. Resistance = radius x viscosity / length
C. Resistance = viscosity x length / radius
D. None of the above
C. Resistance = viscosity x length / radius
***Possible EXAM Q***
All of the following contribute to pressure in blood vessels EXCEPT:
A. Blood pressure (arteriole)
B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
C. Venous pressure
D. All of the above contribute to pressure in blood vessels
D. All of the above
Total peripheral resistance is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Vascular resistance
B. Blood viscosity
C. Turbulence
D. Two of the above
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Total peripheral resistance is affected by what 3 factors?
Vascular resistance, blood viscosity and turbulence
(T/F)
Total peripheral resistance must be higher than circulatory pressure for blood to flow.
False
Circulatory pressure MUST OVERCOME Total peripheral resistance!!!
All of the following are true about Vascular Resistance EXCEPT:
A. is due to friction between blood and vessel walls
B. depends on vessel length
C. depends on vessel diameter
D. increases exponentially as vessel length decreases
E. is effected by vasodilation and vasoconstriction
D. increases exponentially as vessel length decreases
Correct statement: increases exponentially as vessel diameter decreases
All of the following are true about Vascular Resistance EXCEPT:
A. is due to friction between blood and vessel walls
B. depends on vessel length
C. depends on vessel diameter
D. increases exponentially as vessel radius increases
E. All of the above is true regarding vascular resistance
D. increases exponentially as vessel radius increases
Correct statement: Vascular resistance (VR) increases exponentially as vessel radius decreases
Which of the following has the smallest diameter?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
D. Capillaries
Which of the following has the largest diameter?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
G. Venae cavae
List each of the following from largest diameter to smallest:
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
Diameter
(largest) Venae cavae, elastic arteries, veins, muscular arteries, arterioles and venules (tied), capillaries (smallest)
List each of the following from largest total cross-sectional area to smallest:
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
Total Cross-Sectional Area
(largest) Capillaries, venules, arterioles, veins, muscular arteries, venae cavae, elastic arteries (smallest)
Which of the following has the largest total cross-sectional area?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
D. Capillaries
Which of the following has the smallest total cross-sectional area?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
A. Elastic arteries
note: arteries have the smallest cross-section area, then veins, then arterioles, then venules then capillaries
Which of the following has the highest average blood pressure?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
A. Elastic arteries
Which of the following has the lowest average blood pressure?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
G. Venae cavae
note: veins have the next lowest blood pressure
List each of the following in order from highest blood pressure to lowest:
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
Blood Pressure of vessels
A. Elastic arteries (highest)
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae (lowest)
note: they were already in order of highest to lowest pressure
Which of the following has the lowest velocity of blood flow?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
D. Capillaries
Which of the following has the highest velocity of blood flow?
A. Elastic arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Venules
F. Veins
G. Venae cavae
A. Elastic arteries
Capillaries = Highest Cross-sectional area
Capillaries = lowest diameter and lowest velocity of blood flow
Elastic arteries = highest average blood pressure and velocity of blood flow
- Veins have the lowest blood pressure
Which of the following has the highest blood pressure?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
A. Arteries
Arteries = highest BP
Veins = lowest BP
Which of the following has the lowest blood pressure?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
E. Veins
Arteries = highest BP
Veins = lowest BP
Which of the following has the largest total cross-sectional area?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
C. Capillaries
note: this increases gas exchange
Which of the following has the lowest velocity of blood flow?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
C. Capillaries
Arteries = highest velocity
Capillaries = lowest velocity
Which of the following has the highest velocity of blood flow?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
A. Arteries
Arteries = highest velocity
Capillaries = lowest velocity
