Vessels of the Lower Limb

Question 1

Where is the genicular anastomosis and what does it supply?

Answer 1

The genicular anastomosis is on the posterior aspect of the knee joint and is particularly important during flexion

Question 1

Where in the leg does the posterior tibial artery run?

Answer 1

In the deep compartment

Question 2

What type of pathology is associated with the femoral ring?

Answer 2

Inguinal hernia causing bowel obstruction due to the rigidity of the ring

Question 4

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Answer 4

After transversing the inguinal ligament

Question 4

What are the names of the structures that run under the flexor retinaculum from the medial malleolus distally?

Answer 4

Tom, Dick and very naught Harry

Tibialis Posterior

FDL

Posterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial veins

Tibial nerve

FHL

Question 5

In which aspect of the thigh does the femoral artery run?

Answer 5

Anterior, until is passes through the adductor hiatus

Question 6

Which compartment does the fibular artery supply?

Answer 6

The lateral compartment of the leg

Question 7

What is the order of the structures that make up the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa, from superficial to deep

Answer 7

Tibial nerve

Popliteal vein

Popliteal artery (deepest)

Question 7

Which nerve runs with the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 7

The deep fibular nerve

Question 7

Where do you get vena comitans in the LL?

Answer 7

In the veins beneath the popliteal vein

Question 8

Describe the course of the Great Saphenous vein

Answer 8

Runs anterior to the medial malleolus

Up the medial aspect of the leg

A hands bredth posterior to the patella

Up the medial thigh

Into the fascia lata

Joins the femoral vein

Question 9

Name the structures that run under the extensor reticulum of the foot from medial to lateral

Answer 9

Timothy Has a Nasty, Dirty Toe

Tibialis anterior

EHL (extensor hallucis longus)

Anterior tibial artery

Deep fibular nerve

EDL

Fibularis tertius

Question 10

What is the pathophysiology of varicose veins?

Answer 10

Incompetent venous valve

Blood is pumped from the deep to superficial veins of leg

It aggregates and extrudes into tissue

> brown pigmentation, venous eczema, ulceration, tortuous veins

Question 11

Describe the structure and contents of the femoral canal

Answer 11

It is split into 3 compartments

• the lateral compartment contains the femoral artery
• The middle compartment contains lymph nodes and some fat and allows expansion of the femoral vein
• the medial compartment contains the femoral vein

Question 13

Where is the femoral ring?

Answer 13

At the top of the femoral canal

Question 14

Where does the popliteal artery branch into its terminal arteries?

Answer 14

On the posterior aspect of the superior tibiofibular joint

Question 15

What happens if compartment syndrome isn’t treated in time?

Answer 15

Ischaemia > death of muscle tissue > Scarring

Question 16

Describe the course of the short saphenous vein

Answer 16

Off the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch

Posterior medial malleolus

Up the posterior leg

Into the popliteal fossa where it pierces the deep fascia and joins the popliteal vein

Question 17

Which artery does the fibular artery branch off?

Answer 17

The posterior tibial artery

Question 18

When does the femoral artery change its name to the popliteal artery?

Answer 18

After passing through the adductor magnus

Question 20

What does the popliteal artery branch into?

Answer 20

The anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 21

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 21

The anterior tibial artery

Question 22

What is the name of the continuation of anterior tibial artery that is felt as the dorsal pedal pulse?

Answer 22

The dorsalis pedis artery

Question 24

What course do branches of the profunda femoris take?

Answer 24

They wind around the femur and send branches through the adductor magnus

Question 25

What are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?

Answer 25

Pain

Pale

Pulseless

Paralysed

Paraesthetic