Anatomy of the Foot

Question 1

Describe the structure of the extensor hood

Answer 1

The head inserts into the distal phalanx

The sides of each inserts into middle phalanx

The base wraps about the metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 1

What does the deep plantar artery do on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 1

Dives between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal and joins the lateral plantar artery

Question 2

What is the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 2

O: Superiolateral calcaneus

I: The tendon of EDL

Question 2

Around which toe does adduction and abduction occur in the foot?

Answer 2

The 2nd

Question 3

Which muscles are contained within layer 2 of the sole of the foot?

Answer 3

The lumbricles - off the tendon of FDL

Flexor accessorius

Question 3

What is contained in layer 3 of the sole of the foot?

Answer 3

A short flexor for the little and big toe

Adductor hallucis

Question 3

Which nerve supplies the sole of the foot?

Answer 3

The tibial nerve - splits into the lateral and medial plantar nerve

Question 5

What are the major structures that support the arches of the foot?

Answer 5

Spring ligament

Long plantar ligament

Plantar aponeurosis

Fibularis longus tendon

Question 7

How are the extensor retinaculum arranged?

Answer 7

There is a superior band that spans the distal fibula and tibia

and

An inferior Y shaped band spanning the medial malleolus and medial aspect of the plantar aponeurosis to the superiolateral calcaneus

Question 8

What is the origin of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 8

The medial calcaneal tuberosity

Question 9

What is contained in layer 4 of the sole of the foot?

Answer 9

Interossei muscles

Tendon of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

Question 10

How do the medial and lateral plantar nerves supply the sole of the foot?

Answer 10

The lateral supplies the 5th toe and half the 4th while the

medial supplies 3 and a half toes

Question 11

What is the function of flexor accessorius?

Answer 11

Straightens the line of pull of FDL

Question 12

What is contained in layers 1 of the sole of the foot?

Answer 12

Short muscles

• One adductor from the little toe - adductor digiti minimi
• One adductor for the great toe - adductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 13

What are the structures on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 13

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hoods

Deep fibular nerve

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 15

How are the lateral/flexor retinaculum arranged?

Answer 15

One superior band spanning the lateral calcaneus to the lateral malleolus

One inferior band that spans the lateral calcaneus to the be continuous with the inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 16

What do the septa of the plantar aponeurosis do?

Answer 16

Divide the sole into three compartments

Question 17

Which tendons are contained in layer 2 of the sole of the foot?

Answer 17

From medial aspect

• Tibialis posterior
• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus

From lateral aspect

• Fibularis longus

Question 18

Which artery supplies the sole of the foot?

Answer 18

The posterior tibial artery - splits into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 19

What is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of?

Answer 19

The anterior tibial artery

Question 20

What are the arches of the foot?

Answer 20

One medial and one lateral longitudinal arch

One transverse arch

Question 22

What is the name of the structure rooved by the medial flexor retinaculum?

Answer 22

The tarsal tunnel

Question 23

Which tendon lies deeper on the sole of the foot, FDL or FHL?

Answer 23

FHL