Ankle Joint Flashcards
How do the phalanges of the hallux differ from the other phalanges?
There are only 2 cf to 3
What are the borders of the talocrural joint?
Medial and lateral malleoli
Inferior transverse ligament posteriorly
What type of joints are the TCN and subtalar joint?
Ball and socket
What is another name for the great toe?
Hallux
Which bones make up the TCN and subtalar joint?
The talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Which bones are joined in the Lisfranc joint?
Tarsal and metatarsal
Why is the second metatarsal the most common to be fractured?
It’s the longest and thinnest
The base is wedged between its adjacent bones
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
The patellar tendon
Is the foot in inversion or eversion when running?
Eversion
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint?
Synovial
Why is the axis of movement at the ankle joint oblique?
Because the lateral malleolus is longer
What does the plantar aponeurosis joint?
The calcaneus and the metatarsal heads
How many arches are there in the foot?
3 - 2 longitudinal, 1 transverse
What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Fibrous
Why is the ankle more stable in dorsiflexion?
Because the articular surface of the talus is wider anteriorly - therefore wedges into the joint more
What is the name of the structure formed by the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Malleolar mortise
Why does swelling spread anterior in the ankle joint?
Because the capsule attaches fairly anterior on the neck of the talus
What is the sinus tarsi?
A gap between the subtalar and TCN joint - the interosseous ligament runs between it and the run supply of the talus
What are the important boney structures at the head of the tibia?
The lateral and medial condyles
The intercondylar eminence
What movement occurs at the talocrural joint?
Dorsi and plantar flexion
What are the ligaments of the medial aspect of the ankle joint?
The deltoid ligament
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament aka spring ligament
What are the names of the ligaments that stabilise the superior tibiofibular joint?
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
Which tarsal is the most important in the ankle joint?
The talus
Why is the talus susceptible to necrosis?
It doesn’t receive blood for muscle as none attach to it
If the neck of the talus is broken it can lose blood supply
Which ligament is most commonly damaged in a inversion sprain?
Lateral collateral ligaments - particularly the anterior talofibular ligament
At which joints does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?
TCN and subtalar joint
Why is the fibula so vascular?
The many muscle attachments provide their blood supply
What malleolus extends more distal?
Lateral
Where do you find the soleal line? How does it appear?
Post. aspect of the tibia
Runs inferio-medially from the proximal tibial-fibula joint
What are tarsal bones?
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
3x Cuneiform
