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Electrocardiography > Vessels of the heart > Flashcards

Vessels of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major vessels of the heart?

A

The major vessels are the aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, and pulmonary veins.

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2
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

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3
Q

Where does the superior vena cava carry blood?

A

The superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

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4
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava carry blood?

A

The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

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5
Q

What is the function of pulmonary arteries?

A

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

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6
Q

What is the function of pulmonary veins?

A

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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7
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.

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8
Q

What are the two main branches of the left coronary artery?

A

The left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the circumflex artery.

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9
Q

What area of the heart does the LAD artery supply?

A

The LAD artery supplies the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the front of the septum.

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10
Q

What is the function of the circumflex artery?

A

The circumflex artery supplies oxygenated blood to the left atrium and the side and back of the left ventricle.

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11
Q

What does the right coronary artery (RCA) supply?

A

The RCA supplies oxygenated blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of both ventricles and the septum.

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12
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

The coronary sinus is a large vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and returns it to the right atrium.

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13
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located?

A

It is located on the posterior aspect of the heart, running along the atrioventricular groove.

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14
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs, while systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

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15
Q

What vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A

The pulmonary artery.

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16
Q

What is the function of the vena cava?

A

The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

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17
Q

What vessels bring blood into the right atrium?

A

The superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

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18
Q

What happens to blood in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

Blood receives oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the pulmonary capillaries.

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19
Q

Which vessels are responsible for oxygenating the heart muscle?

A

The coronary arteries.

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20
Q

What is the primary role of the great cardiac vein?

A

The great cardiac vein collects deoxygenated blood from the front of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus.

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21
Q

What is the name of the artery that supplies the right ventricle and part of the left ventricle?

A

The posterior descending artery (PDA).

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22
Q

Which vessel supplies the right atrium with oxygenated blood?

A

None. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

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23
Q

What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins.

24
Q

What are the small branches of the coronary arteries called?

A

Arterioles

25
Q

What vessel carries blood from the left ventricle to the body?

A

The aorta.

26
Q

What is the role of the aortic arch?

A

The aortic arch distributes oxygenated blood to the upper body through major branches.

27
Q

Name the three major branches of the aortic arch.

A

The brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

28
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

The innermost layer of a blood vessel, providing a smooth lining for blood flow.

29
Q

What layer of blood vessels is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

A

The tunica media, which contains smooth muscle fibers.

30
Q

What is the function of the coronary veins?

A

To return deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle to the right atrium via the coronary sinus.

31
Q

Where does the right coronary artery originate?

A

From the right side of the ascending aorta.

32
Q

Which artery supplies the interventricular septum?

A

The left anterior descending (LAD) artery.

33
Q

What is the function of the small cardiac vein?

A

The small cardiac vein drains the right atrium and right ventricle.

34
Q

What is myocardial ischemia?

A

A condition where blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, often due to blockage in the coronary arteries.

35
Q

What is the role of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

It supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck on the right side.

36
Q

What vessel connects the aorta to the femoral artery?

A

The iliac arteries.

37
Q

Where does blood from the coronary arteries go after it oxygenates the heart?

A

Into the coronary veins and eventually into the right atrium through the coronary sinus.

38
Q

What is the role of the left main coronary artery?

A

It supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart, including the left atrium and left ventricle.

39
Q

What is an anastomosis in coronary circulation?

A

A connection between two blood vessels that provides an alternate route for blood flow.

40
Q

What causes angina?

A

Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to narrowing of coronary arteries.

41
Q

What is the primary function of the pulmonary trunk?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

42
Q

What is the importance of collateral circulation?

A

It provides alternative routes for blood to reach the heart muscle in case of arterial blockages.

43
Q

What is a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

A

It occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

44
Q

Which vessels are involved in supplying blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.

45
Q

What is the role of the brachial artery in circulation?

A

It supplies blood to the upper limb.

46
Q

What is the epicardial coronary artery?

A

Coronary arteries located on the surface of the heart, supplying oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

47
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation?

A

The left side (left ventricle).

48
Q

What does the term “vascular resistance” refer to?

A

The resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels.

49
Q

What vessels are part of the microcirculation in the heart?

A

Arterioles, capillaries, and venules.

50
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

A condition caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart.

51
Q

What artery supplies blood to the upper body?

A

The aortic arch and its branches (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery).

52
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

A buildup of plaque inside the arteries that can restrict blood flow.

53
Q

What is the function of the carotid arteries?

A

To supply blood to the brain, neck, and face.

54
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

55
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Electrocardiography (5 decks)

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