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Electrocardiography > Abnormal Sinus Rhythm > Flashcards

Abnormal Sinus Rhythm Flashcards

1
Q

What might a peaked P wave indicate?

A

A peaked P wave may indicate right atrial enlargement, also known as P pulmonale.

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2
Q

What could a notched or wide P wave suggest?

A

A notched or wide P wave may suggest left atrial enlargement, also known as P mitrale.

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3
Q

What is the cause of inverted P waves in leads I, II, or aVF?

A

Inverted P waves in these leads suggest a non-sinus origin of atrial depolarization, such as ectopic atrial rhythm.

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4
Q

What does a flat or absent P wave indicate?

A

A flat or absent P wave can indicate atrial fibrillation or sinoatrial block.

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5
Q

What does a P wave appearing after the QRS complex indicate?

A

A P wave after the QRS complex suggests retrograde atrial activation, as seen in junctional rhythms.

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6
Q

What condition is associated with a sawtooth pattern of P waves?

A

A sawtooth pattern of P waves is associated with atrial flutter.

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7
Q

What is the likely diagnosis if P waves vary in shape from beat to beat?

A

Varying P waves suggest multifocal atrial tachycardia or wandering atrial pacemaker.

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8
Q

What is the significance of a biphasic P wave in lead V1?

A

A biphasic P wave in lead V1 may indicate left atrial enlargement.

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9
Q

What does a tall, peaked P wave in lead II suggest?

A

A tall, peaked P wave in lead II suggests right atrial enlargement.

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10
Q

What is the cause of missing P waves on an ECG?

A

Missing P waves may indicate atrial fibrillation, sinoatrial block, or junctional rhythms.

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11
Q

What does depression of the PR segment suggest?

A

PR segment depression may be seen in pericarditis or atrial ischemia.

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12
Q

What could elevation of the PR segment indicate?

A

PR segment elevation is rare but can occur in atrial infarction.

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13
Q

In what condition might the PR segment show alternating elevations and depressions?

A

This can be a sign of atrioventricular dissociation or heart block.

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14
Q

What could a prolonged PR segment duration indicate?

A

Prolonged PR segment duration suggests first-degree heart block.

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15
Q

How can a shortened PR segment be interpreted?

A

A shortened PR segment may suggest Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome or Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome.

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16
Q

What does a prolonged PR interval indicate?

A

A prolonged PR interval indicates first-degree AV block.

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17
Q

What could cause a PR interval longer than 200 ms?

A

A PR interval longer than 200 ms may suggest first-degree AV block or hyperkalemia.

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18
Q

What does a short PR interval with delta waves suggest?

A

A short PR interval with delta waves is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

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19
Q

How does a varying PR interval indicate second-degree AV block?

A

A varying PR interval, particularly with dropped beats, suggests second-degree AV block (Mobitz type I or II).

20
Q

What is the diagnosis if the PR interval shortens and then drops a beat?

A

This pattern indicates second-degree AV block, Mobitz type I (Wenckebach).

21
Q

In what condition is the PR interval difficult to measure?

A

The PR interval is hard to measure in atrial fibrillation due to the absence of regular P waves.

22
Q

What does a constantly varying PR interval indicate?

A

A constantly varying PR interval suggests complete heart block (third-degree AV block).

23
Q

What causes the PR interval to shorten in atrial premature beats?

A

The PR interval shortens in atrial premature beats because the ectopic focus depolarizes the ventricles earlier.

24
Q

What does an irregularly irregular PR interval suggest?

A

An irregularly irregular PR interval often indicates atrial fibrillation.

25
Q

What can an intermittent PR interval shortening indicate?

A

Intermittent PR interval shortening may suggest an accessory pathway or premature atrial contractions.

26
Q

What does a widened QRS complex suggest?

A

A widened QRS complex suggests bundle branch block, ventricular rhythms, or hyperkalemia.

27
Q

What does a QRS duration of more than 120 ms indicate?

A

A QRS duration of more than 120 ms indicates bundle branch block or a ventricular origin of the rhythm.

28
Q

What does a tall R wave in V1 suggest?

A

A tall R wave in V1 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a posterior myocardial infarction.

29
Q

What does a deep S wave in V6 suggest?

A

A deep S wave in V6 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a left bundle branch block.

30
Q

What does an RSR’ pattern in V1 suggest?

A

An RSR’ pattern in V1 suggests right bundle branch block.

31
Q

What is the significance of a notched or slurred R wave in leads V5 and V6?

A

A notched or slurred R wave in V5 and V6 suggests left bundle branch block.

32
Q

What does a wide QRS complex with a delta wave indicate?

A

A wide QRS complex with a delta wave is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

33
Q

What does an additional QRS complex represent?

A

An additional QRS complex could indicate premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).

34
Q

What condition causes multiple wide QRS complexes with a regular rhythm?

A

This may indicate ventricular tachycardia.

35
Q

What does a QRS complex with no preceding P wave suggest?

A

A QRS complex without a preceding P wave suggests a ventricular escape beat or junctional rhythm.

36
Q

What does a very tall R wave in V5 or V6 suggest?

A

A very tall R wave in V5 or V6 suggests left ventricular hypertrophy.

37
Q

What does a deep S wave in lead I indicate?

A

A deep S wave in lead I may indicate right ventricular hypertrophy or a left bundle branch block.

38
Q

What is the significance of a large S wave in V1?

A

A large S wave in V1 may indicate left ventricular hypertrophy.

39
Q

How does the presence of an abnormally tall R wave in V1 influence diagnosis?

A

An abnormally tall R wave in V1 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a posterior infarction.

40
Q

What does an exaggerated S wave in V6 suggest?

A

An exaggerated S wave in V6 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy.

41
Q

What does a wide, slurred QRS complex indicate?

A

A wide, slurred QRS complex can indicate bundle branch block.

42
Q

What does a deformed QRS complex with multiple notches suggest?

A

A deformed QRS complex with notches can indicate intraventricular conduction delay.

43
Q

What is a cause of a wide QRS complex with an RSR’ pattern?

A

A wide QRS complex with an RSR’ pattern is commonly seen in right bundle branch block.

44
Q

What does a wide QRS complex with no P waves suggest?

A

This suggests a ventricular rhythm, such as ventricular tachycardia or idioventricular rhythm.

45
Q

What does a wide QRS complex with a delta wave indicate?

A

This is a sign of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

46
Q

What does the presence of a Q wave in leads V1 and V2 indicate?

A

A Q wave in leads V1 and V2 suggests a septal myocardial infarction.

47
Q

What is the significance of a deep Q wave in lead III?

A

A deep Q wave in lead

Electrocardiography (5 decks)

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