Abnormal Sinus Rhythm Flashcards
What might a peaked P wave indicate?
A peaked P wave may indicate right atrial enlargement, also known as P pulmonale.
What could a notched or wide P wave suggest?
A notched or wide P wave may suggest left atrial enlargement, also known as P mitrale.
What is the cause of inverted P waves in leads I, II, or aVF?
Inverted P waves in these leads suggest a non-sinus origin of atrial depolarization, such as ectopic atrial rhythm.
What does a flat or absent P wave indicate?
A flat or absent P wave can indicate atrial fibrillation or sinoatrial block.
What does a P wave appearing after the QRS complex indicate?
A P wave after the QRS complex suggests retrograde atrial activation, as seen in junctional rhythms.
What condition is associated with a sawtooth pattern of P waves?
A sawtooth pattern of P waves is associated with atrial flutter.
What is the likely diagnosis if P waves vary in shape from beat to beat?
Varying P waves suggest multifocal atrial tachycardia or wandering atrial pacemaker.
What is the significance of a biphasic P wave in lead V1?
A biphasic P wave in lead V1 may indicate left atrial enlargement.
What does a tall, peaked P wave in lead II suggest?
A tall, peaked P wave in lead II suggests right atrial enlargement.
What is the cause of missing P waves on an ECG?
Missing P waves may indicate atrial fibrillation, sinoatrial block, or junctional rhythms.
What does depression of the PR segment suggest?
PR segment depression may be seen in pericarditis or atrial ischemia.
What could elevation of the PR segment indicate?
PR segment elevation is rare but can occur in atrial infarction.
In what condition might the PR segment show alternating elevations and depressions?
This can be a sign of atrioventricular dissociation or heart block.
What could a prolonged PR segment duration indicate?
Prolonged PR segment duration suggests first-degree heart block.
How can a shortened PR segment be interpreted?
A shortened PR segment may suggest Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome or Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome.
What does a prolonged PR interval indicate?
A prolonged PR interval indicates first-degree AV block.
What could cause a PR interval longer than 200 ms?
A PR interval longer than 200 ms may suggest first-degree AV block or hyperkalemia.
What does a short PR interval with delta waves suggest?
A short PR interval with delta waves is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
How does a varying PR interval indicate second-degree AV block?
A varying PR interval, particularly with dropped beats, suggests second-degree AV block (Mobitz type I or II).
What is the diagnosis if the PR interval shortens and then drops a beat?
This pattern indicates second-degree AV block, Mobitz type I (Wenckebach).
In what condition is the PR interval difficult to measure?
The PR interval is hard to measure in atrial fibrillation due to the absence of regular P waves.
What does a constantly varying PR interval indicate?
A constantly varying PR interval suggests complete heart block (third-degree AV block).
What causes the PR interval to shorten in atrial premature beats?
The PR interval shortens in atrial premature beats because the ectopic focus depolarizes the ventricles earlier.
What does an irregularly irregular PR interval suggest?
An irregularly irregular PR interval often indicates atrial fibrillation.
What can an intermittent PR interval shortening indicate?
Intermittent PR interval shortening may suggest an accessory pathway or premature atrial contractions.
What does a widened QRS complex suggest?
A widened QRS complex suggests bundle branch block, ventricular rhythms, or hyperkalemia.
What does a QRS duration of more than 120 ms indicate?
A QRS duration of more than 120 ms indicates bundle branch block or a ventricular origin of the rhythm.
What does a tall R wave in V1 suggest?
A tall R wave in V1 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a posterior myocardial infarction.
What does a deep S wave in V6 suggest?
A deep S wave in V6 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a left bundle branch block.
What does an RSR’ pattern in V1 suggest?
An RSR’ pattern in V1 suggests right bundle branch block.
What is the significance of a notched or slurred R wave in leads V5 and V6?
A notched or slurred R wave in V5 and V6 suggests left bundle branch block.
What does a wide QRS complex with a delta wave indicate?
A wide QRS complex with a delta wave is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
What does an additional QRS complex represent?
An additional QRS complex could indicate premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).
What condition causes multiple wide QRS complexes with a regular rhythm?
This may indicate ventricular tachycardia.
What does a QRS complex with no preceding P wave suggest?
A QRS complex without a preceding P wave suggests a ventricular escape beat or junctional rhythm.
What does a very tall R wave in V5 or V6 suggest?
A very tall R wave in V5 or V6 suggests left ventricular hypertrophy.
What does a deep S wave in lead I indicate?
A deep S wave in lead I may indicate right ventricular hypertrophy or a left bundle branch block.
What is the significance of a large S wave in V1?
A large S wave in V1 may indicate left ventricular hypertrophy.
How does the presence of an abnormally tall R wave in V1 influence diagnosis?
An abnormally tall R wave in V1 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or a posterior infarction.
What does an exaggerated S wave in V6 suggest?
An exaggerated S wave in V6 suggests right ventricular hypertrophy.
What does a wide, slurred QRS complex indicate?
A wide, slurred QRS complex can indicate bundle branch block.
What does a deformed QRS complex with multiple notches suggest?
A deformed QRS complex with notches can indicate intraventricular conduction delay.
What is a cause of a wide QRS complex with an RSR’ pattern?
A wide QRS complex with an RSR’ pattern is commonly seen in right bundle branch block.
What does a wide QRS complex with no P waves suggest?
This suggests a ventricular rhythm, such as ventricular tachycardia or idioventricular rhythm.
What does a wide QRS complex with a delta wave indicate?
This is a sign of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
What does the presence of a Q wave in leads V1 and V2 indicate?
A Q wave in leads V1 and V2 suggests a septal myocardial infarction.
What is the significance of a deep Q wave in lead III?
A deep Q wave in lead
