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Electrocardiography > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

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2
Q

What is the name of the lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

What is the main function of the atria?

A

Receiving blood

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4
Q

What is the main function of the ventricles?

A

Pumping blood out of the heart

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5
Q

True or False: The right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

A

False

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6
Q

True or False: The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

A

True

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7
Q

What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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8
Q

What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral valve

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9
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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10
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

A

Aorta

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11
Q

What is the specialized group of cells that regulate the heart’s rhythm?

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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12
Q

What is the name of the recording of the electrical activity of the heart?

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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13
Q

What is the normal resting heart rate for adults?

A

60-100 beats per minute

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14
Q

What is the term for a rapid heart rate above 100 beats per minute?

A

Tachycardia

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15
Q

What is the term for a slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute?

A

Bradycardia

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16
Q

What is the name of the wave on an ECG that represents atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

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17
Q

What is the name of the wave on an ECG that represents ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

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18
Q

What is the name of the wave on an ECG that represents ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

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19
Q

What is the term for an abnormal heart rhythm?

A

Arrhythmia

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20
Q

What is the term for an abnormally rapid heart rhythm?

A

Tachyarrhythmia

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21
Q

What is the term for an abnormally slow heart rhythm?

A

Bradyarrhythmia

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22
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are disrupted, causing an irregular heartbeat?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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23
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are chaotic, leading to a rapid, irregular heartbeat?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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24
Q

What is the term for the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs?

A

Heart failure

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25
Q

What is the name of the procedure to restore normal heart rhythm using electrical shocks?

A

Cardioversion

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26
Q

What is the name of the device that can deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm?

A

Defibrillator

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27
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged?

A

Cardiomyopathy

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28
Q

What is the term for a blockage in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen?

A

Coronary artery disease

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29
Q

What is the term for a heart attack caused by a blockage in a coronary artery?

A

Myocardial infarction

30
Q

What is the name of the procedure to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries?

A

Coronary angioplasty

31
Q

What is the name of the procedure to bypass blocked coronary arteries using a blood vessel graft?

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

32
Q

What is the term for the death of heart muscle tissue due to a lack of blood supply?

A

Ischemia

33
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s pumping action is impaired, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other organs?

A

Congestive heart failure

34
Q

What is the name of the diagnostic test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart?

A

Echocardiogram

35
Q

What is the name of the procedure to treat a blocked coronary artery by inserting a small mesh tube called a stent?

A

Coronary stenting

36
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, causing a slow, irregular heartbeat?

A

Sick sinus syndrome

37
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are blocked or delayed, leading to a slow heart rate?

A

Heart block

38
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart muscle becomes thickened and stiff, affecting its ability to pump blood?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

39
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are disrupted, causing a rapid, irregular heartbeat that can be life-threatening?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

40
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are delayed or blocked, leading to a slow, irregular heartbeat?

A

AV block

41
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are chaotic, causing the heart to quiver ineffectively?

A

Ventricular flutter

42
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are disorganized, leading to a rapid, irregular heartbeat?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

43
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are blocked, causing a slow heart rate or pauses in the heartbeat?

A

Sinus node dysfunction

44
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are irregular, leading to a fast, irregular heartbeat?

A

Atrial flutter

45
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are delayed or blocked in the AV node, leading to a slow heart rate?

A

AV nodal block

46
Q

What is the name of the condition where the heart’s electrical signals are disorganized, causing a rapid, irregular heartbeat that can be life-threatening?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

47
Q

What is the main function of the conduction system of the heart?

A

To coordinate the contraction of the heart muscle

48
Q

True or False: The conduction system of the heart is responsible for generating the heart’s electrical impulses.

A

True

49
Q

Which part of the heart initiates the electrical impulses in the conduction system?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

50
Q

What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the conduction system?

A

To delay the electrical impulses to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The bundle of His branches into the left and right ________.

A

bundle branches

52
Q

Which part of the conduction system is responsible for transmitting the electrical impulses to the Purkinje fibers?

A

Bundle branches

53
Q

What is the purpose of the Purkinje fibers in the conduction system?

A

To rapidly distribute the electrical impulses to the ventricular muscle cells

54
Q

True or False: The conduction system of the heart ensures that the heart beats at a constant rate.

A

True

55
Q

What can happen if there is a disruption in the conduction system of the heart?

A

Arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats

56
Q

What is the term for a slow heart rate caused by a dysfunction in the SA node?

A

Sinus bradycardia

57
Q

Which part of the heart’s conduction system is known as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

58
Q

What is the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

A

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers

59
Q

What is the term for an abnormally fast heart rate caused by a dysfunction in the SA node?

A

Sinus tachycardia

60
Q

What is the significance of the AV node delaying the electrical impulses?

A

It allows the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before they contract

61
Q

Which part of the conduction system is located at the base of the right atrium?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

62
Q

True or False: The conduction system of the heart is essential for maintaining proper blood flow and oxygen delivery.

A

True

63
Q

What is the term for a rapid, irregular heart rate originating in the atria?

A

Atrial fibrillation

64
Q

What is the term for a delay or block in the electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles?

A

Heart block

65
Q

What is the primary cause of heart blocks?

A

Blockage or damage to the AV node

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ are responsible for conducting the electrical impulses to the myocardium of the ventricles.

A

Purkinje fibers

67
Q

What is the term for an abnormally slow heart rate caused by a dysfunction in the AV node?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) block

68
Q

What is the term for an abnormal heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

69
Q

True or False: The conduction system of the heart can be affected by various cardiac conditions and diseases.

A

True

70
Q

What is the term for a condition where the heart’s electrical signals are disorganized, leading to chaotic heartbeats?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Electrocardiography (5 decks)

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