vessels of lower limb

Question 1

what is the single stem artery that supplies the lower limb

Answer 1

external iliac artery

Question 2

What are the 2 name changes of the external iliac artery along its route

Answer 2

femoral - when it passes beneath the inguinal ligament popliteal - when it goes through the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus

Question 3

arteries always lie on the extensor or flexor side of a limb?

Answer 3

flexor

Question 4

what branch does the femoral artery give off and what does it supply

Answer 4

gives off the profunda femoris artery (deep) - supplies the extensors of the thigh

Question 5

explain the profunda femoris artery

Answer 5

runs down on adductor magnus sending little branches through the little holes in adductor magnus to the posterior muscles of the thigh

Question 6

what three branches does the popliteal artery give off

Answer 6

genicular anastomoses anterior tibial posterior tibial

Question 7

where is the genicular anastomoses

Answer 7

around the proximal shaft of the femur

Question 8

with what other structure does the popliteal artery run with

Answer 8

the tibial nerve

Question 9

where does the popliteal artery split into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Answer 9

at the inferior border of popliteus - they run down either side of the interosseous membrane

Question 10

the posterior tibial artery divides into …

Answer 10

the fibular artery lateral plantar artery medial plantar artery

Question 11

where does the posterior tibial artery divide into its terminal branches

Answer 11

fibular artery - one inch below its origin under the flexor retinaculum lateral and medial plantar arteries - at the ankle

Question 12

what is contained in the femoral sheath

Answer 12

the femoral artery and vein (not the nerve) and the femoral canal

Question 13

what is the function of the femoral canal

Answer 13

a dead space in the femoral sheath so that the femoral vein can expand into it

Question 14

what is the arrangement within the femoral sheath

Answer 14

lateral = artery middle = vein medial = dead space

Question 15

what are the boundaries of the femoral canal

Answer 15

lateral = femoral vein medial = lacunar ligament behind = pectineous

Question 16

what is within the neurovascular bundle at the back of the knee

Answer 16

from superficial to deep: tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery

Question 17

what are the neurovascular structures of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 17

deep fibular nerve paired anterior tibial arteries paired venae comitantes of tibial veins

Question 18

what are the neurovascular structures of the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 18

tibial nerve posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein - paired venae comitantes

Question 19

where abouts in the posterior compartment of the leg is the neurovascular bundle

Answer 19

within the deep muscles (held away from the interosseous membrane)

Question 20

what artery gives an arterial branch to the lateral compartment of the leg and what is the branch called

Answer 20

the posterior tibial artery - gives off the fibular artery

Question 21

describe the route of the anterior tibial artery

Answer 21

runs along the anterior surface of the IO membrane and heads for the dorsum of the foot (along with the deep fibular nerve) where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery once beneath the extensor retinaculum

Question 22

describe the route of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 22

travels with the deep muscles and heads for the sole of the foot with the tibial nerve

Question 23

what are the structures from medial to lateral as they pass beneath the extensor retinaculum

Answer 23

tibial anterior EHL Anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve EDL tendon of fibularis tertius (timothy has a nasty dirty toe)

Question 24

where does the dorsalis pedis artery head for

Answer 24

the first web space between the 1st and 2nd toes

Question 25

what are the structures from anterior to posterior passing beneath the flexor retinaculum

Answer 25

tib posterior FDL posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve FHL

Question 26

what are the symptoms/signs of compartment syndrome

Answer 26

painful pale pulseless paraesthetic paralysed (distal to it)

Question 27

explain the deep system of veins of the lower limb

Answer 27

there are paired venae comitantes that join to form the popliteal vein –> external iliac vein

Question 28

what two main superficial veins drain the lower limb

Answer 28

great saphenous vein - medial side short saphenous vein - lateral side

Question 29

what other structure accompanies the great saphenous vein

Answer 29

the saphenous branch of the femoral nerve

Question 30

what is the route of the great saphenous vein

Answer 30

from the dorsal venous arch –> anterior to the medial malleolus –> up the medial side of the leg –> goes a hands breadth behind the patella –> up the medial thigh –> through saphenous opening –> femoral vein

Question 31

what is the route of the short saphenous vein

Answer 31

from lateral side of dorsal venous arch –> goes behind the lateral malleolus –> posterior leg –> popliteal fossa –> pierces deep fascia –> joins venae comitantes of anterior and posterior tibial veins –> popliteal veins

Question 32

what causes varicose veins in the legs

Answer 32

the valves in the vessels that join the cutaneous veins and the deeper veins of the lower lim through the fascia lata are damaged/absent –> blood is pumped out of the deep veins and into the superficial veins = engorged

Question 33

what is the site for a great saphenous cut down

Answer 33

anterior malleolus of the ankle

Question 34

the fibular artery branches off which artery

Answer 34

posterior tibial artery

Question 35

which artery contributes to the medial and lateral plantar arteries

Answer 35

posterior tibial