vessels of lower limb Flashcards
what is the single stem artery that supplies the lower limb
external iliac artery
What are the 2 name changes of the external iliac artery along its route
femoral - when it passes beneath the inguinal ligament popliteal - when it goes through the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus
arteries always lie on the extensor or flexor side of a limb?
flexor
what branch does the femoral artery give off and what does it supply
gives off the profunda femoris artery (deep) - supplies the extensors of the thigh
explain the profunda femoris artery
runs down on adductor magnus sending little branches through the little holes in adductor magnus to the posterior muscles of the thigh
what three branches does the popliteal artery give off
genicular anastomoses anterior tibial posterior tibial
where is the genicular anastomoses
around the proximal shaft of the femur
with what other structure does the popliteal artery run with
the tibial nerve
where does the popliteal artery split into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
at the inferior border of popliteus - they run down either side of the interosseous membrane
the posterior tibial artery divides into …
the fibular artery lateral plantar artery medial plantar artery
where does the posterior tibial artery divide into its terminal branches
fibular artery - one inch below its origin under the flexor retinaculum lateral and medial plantar arteries - at the ankle
what is contained in the femoral sheath
the femoral artery and vein (not the nerve) and the femoral canal
what is the function of the femoral canal
a dead space in the femoral sheath so that the femoral vein can expand into it
what is the arrangement within the femoral sheath
lateral = artery middle = vein medial = dead space
what are the boundaries of the femoral canal
lateral = femoral vein medial = lacunar ligament behind = pectineous
what is within the neurovascular bundle at the back of the knee
from superficial to deep: tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery
what are the neurovascular structures of the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular nerve paired anterior tibial arteries paired venae comitantes of tibial veins
what are the neurovascular structures of the posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein - paired venae comitantes
where abouts in the posterior compartment of the leg is the neurovascular bundle
within the deep muscles (held away from the interosseous membrane)
what artery gives an arterial branch to the lateral compartment of the leg and what is the branch called
the posterior tibial artery - gives off the fibular artery
describe the route of the anterior tibial artery
runs along the anterior surface of the IO membrane and heads for the dorsum of the foot (along with the deep fibular nerve) where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery once beneath the extensor retinaculum
describe the route of the posterior tibial artery
travels with the deep muscles and heads for the sole of the foot with the tibial nerve
what are the structures from medial to lateral as they pass beneath the extensor retinaculum
tibial anterior EHL Anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve EDL tendon of fibularis tertius (timothy has a nasty dirty toe)
where does the dorsalis pedis artery head for
the first web space between the 1st and 2nd toes
what are the structures from anterior to posterior passing beneath the flexor retinaculum
tib posterior FDL posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve FHL
what are the symptoms/signs of compartment syndrome
painful pale pulseless paraesthetic paralysed (distal to it)
explain the deep system of veins of the lower limb
there are paired venae comitantes that join to form the popliteal vein –> external iliac vein
what two main superficial veins drain the lower limb
great saphenous vein - medial side short saphenous vein - lateral side
what other structure accompanies the great saphenous vein
the saphenous branch of the femoral nerve
what is the route of the great saphenous vein
from the dorsal venous arch –> anterior to the medial malleolus –> up the medial side of the leg –> goes a hands breadth behind the patella –> up the medial thigh –> through saphenous opening –> femoral vein
what is the route of the short saphenous vein
from lateral side of dorsal venous arch –> goes behind the lateral malleolus –> posterior leg –> popliteal fossa –> pierces deep fascia –> joins venae comitantes of anterior and posterior tibial veins –> popliteal veins
what causes varicose veins in the legs
the valves in the vessels that join the cutaneous veins and the deeper veins of the lower lim through the fascia lata are damaged/absent –> blood is pumped out of the deep veins and into the superficial veins = engorged
what is the site for a great saphenous cut down
anterior malleolus of the ankle
the fibular artery branches off which artery
posterior tibial artery
which artery contributes to the medial and lateral plantar arteries
posterior tibial
