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Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

arrangement of flexors and extensors of the lower limb

A

extensors anterior flexors posterior

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2
Q

what is the definition of the gluteal region of the leg

A

extends between the iliac crest above to the gluteal fold below

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3
Q

what is the definition of the thigh of the leg

A

extends between the inguinal ligament and the knee anteriorly, and from the gluteal fold to the knee posteriorly

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4
Q

what is the importance of the gluteal lines of the ilium

A

delineate the attachments/origins of the individual gluteal muscles

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5
Q

what are the landmarks of the ischium

A
  • ischial spine - divides the ishium into a greater sciatic notch above and a lesser notch below - (superiorly) - ischial tuberosity - (inferiorly) - ischial ramus - (projecting forwards) - meets the inferior pubic ramus to complete the obturator foramen
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6
Q

significant aspects of the pubis bone

A
  • body and crest superiorly - inferior and superior pubic rami
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7
Q

what is the angle made between the femur and the hip

A

125 degrees

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8
Q

what structure demarcates the shaft and crest of the femur

A

the trochanteric line (anterior) and the trochanteric crest (posterior)

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9
Q

what is the linear aspera

A

posterior line on the femur that delineates the popliteal surface of the femur

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10
Q

what is the adductor tubercle

A

the distal and medial end of the linear aspera

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11
Q

general actions of muscles of the gluteal region

A
  • extend, rotate and abduct the thigh at the hip joint - also minimise pelvic tilt during the swing phase of locomotion
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12
Q

where do the flexors of the hip joint arise from

A

the posterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

what are the major flexors of the hip joint

A

psoas and iliacus (iliopsoas)

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14
Q

what are the three components of the thigh

A

medial anterior posterior

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15
Q

major action of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

act at the hip joint to produce adduction

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16
Q

major action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

extend the knee predominantly but also hip flex

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17
Q

major action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

flex the knee predominantly, but also span the hip joint

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18
Q

what is the fascia lata

A

the encircling layer of fascia surrounding the thigh

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19
Q

what are the borders of the fascia lata

A

extend from the pelvic girdle above and is continuous with the deep fascia of the leg below - invests the thigh like a stocking

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20
Q

function of the fascia lata

A

limits the outward bulging of the thigh muscles - helps with venous return from the legs

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21
Q

what is the iliotibial tract and what are its borders

A

the lateral aspect of the fascia lata that is thickened - extends from the iliac crest above to the proximal tibia below

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22
Q

function of the iliotibial tract

A

it acts like a tendon - is a shared aponeurotic tendon for insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

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23
Q

function of gluteus maximus

A

extends at the hip joint and laterally rotates

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24
Q

function of tensor fascia lata

A

flexes and abducts the hip joint and medially rotates at the hip joint

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25
Q

origin of the gluteus maximus

A

the back of the sacrum and the adjacent part of the posterior surface of the gluteal surface of the ilium

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26
Q

insertion of gluteus maximum

A
  • most inserts into iliotibial tract - some deep fibres insert into gluteal tuberosity
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27
Q

where is the gluteal tuberosity

A

on the posterior aspect of the femur heading down from the trochanteric crest

28
Q

what are the main times that we use our gluteus maximus muscle

A

when we stand up from sitting, or when bending over, or when walking up stairs

29
Q

what are the deeper muscles of the posterior aspect of the gluteal region of the thigh that lie beneath glueus maximus

A
  • gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - piriformis - obturator internus - quadratus femoris
30
Q

origin and insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

A

arise from the posterior surface of the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur (anteriorly) - (move from posterior to anterior)

31
Q

main function of gluteus medius and minimus

A

main abductors of the hip - also medially rotate (these are the muscles that stabilise the pelvis during walking to prevent wobbling)

32
Q

origin and insertion of piriformis muscle

A

arises from the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis through the sciatic notch and inserts in the gluteal region

33
Q

distinguishing feature of obturator internus

A

has 2 small helper muscles either side (gemeli)

34
Q

origin and insertion of quadratus femoris

A

extends from the ischial tuberosity on the medial side to the intertrochanteric crest

35
Q

main muscles of the anterior superficial thigh compartment

A
  • iliopsoas - pectineus - sartorius - vastus lateralis - rectus femoris - vastus medialis
36
Q

what muscles make up the “quadriceps”

A

rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius

37
Q

origin and insertion of iliopsoas

A

origin on the posterior abdominal wall fibres converge and pass beneath the inguinal ligament and come down as a conjoint tendon into the lesser trocanter

38
Q

main functions of iliopsoas

A
  • flexes the trunk on the thigh - lifts the thigh at the hip - maintains lumbar lordosis
39
Q

functions of pectineus

A

flexes the hip (like psoas) and adducts the hip (like medial compartment)

40
Q

action of sartorius muscle

A

action of moving your leg to sit cross legged (flexion and abduction of the hip)

41
Q

which muscles sit above sartorius and which sit below

A

above: iliopsoas and pectineus below: quadriceps

42
Q

functions of quadriceps

A

extensor at the knee

43
Q

insertion of quadriceps

A
  • all 4 components insert into the tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon and the patellar tendon - vastus medialis and lateralis also insert independently to the patella forming the medial and lateral patella retinaculum
44
Q

functions of the medial and lateral patella retinaculum

A

reinforce the knee joint capsule and keep the patella aligned

45
Q

origin of vastus intermedius

A

arises from and clothes most of the anterior surface of the femur

46
Q

origin of sartorius

A

the ASIS

47
Q

origin of rectus femorus

A

2 components: - anterior, inferior iliac spine - just above the acetabulum of the femur

48
Q

function of rectus femoris

A

flexes the hip and extends the knee

49
Q

what is special about rectus femoris

A

it is the only component of quadriceps that crosses both joints (hip and knee)

50
Q

origin of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis

A

arise form the proximal femur

51
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior, deep thigh

A

vastus intermedius

52
Q

what are the adductor muscles of the hip

A

gracilis adductor longus, brevis and magnus

53
Q

where are the adductor muscles

A

gracilis - forms the medial border of the adductor compartment adductor muscles are more lateral

54
Q

attachments of the adductor muscles

A

extend from the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus down to an insertion into the back of the femur (and down onto the supracondylar ridge onto the adductor tubercle for the adductor magnus)

55
Q

which adductor muscle has the longest insertion

A

adductor magnus - insertion extends out right out onto the medial supracondylar ridge down to the adductor tubercle

56
Q

action of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

extensors of the hip and flexors of the knee

57
Q

origin of the hamstring muscles

A

ischial tuberosity posteriorly and superiorly - superficial muscles (not SHOB) posterior shaft of the femur - deep muscle - SHOB

58
Q

what are the hamstring muscles

A
  • semitendinosus - medial - semimembranosus - medial - biceps femoris (long and short head) - lateral
59
Q

biceps femoris long and short head - which is superficial, which is deep

A

long head - superficial short head - deep

60
Q

which 3 hamstring muscles cross the hip to give hip extension

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris long head

61
Q

origin of the short head of biceps femoris

A

arise from the posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur

62
Q

insertion of biceps femoris

A

inserts onto the lateral side of the fibula

63
Q

insertion of semimembranosis

A

top of the medial condyle of the tibia

64
Q

what is the pes anserinus

A

common insertion of semitendinosis, gracilis (medial compartment) and sartorius (anterior compartment) - into the proximal tibia

65
Q

which muscles contribute to stopping the waddling motion of the pelvis with walking

A

gluteus medius and minimus

Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy (8 decks)

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