foot Flashcards
what are the 3 retinacula of the foot
extensor lateral flexor
explain the attachments of the superior part of the extensor retinaculum
attaches to the anterior borders of the tibia and fibula
explain the attachments of the inferior part of the extensor retinaculum of the foot
extends from the medial malleolus and medial side of plantar aponeurosis to the superolateral calcaenous on the lateral side
what acronym is used to remember what structures pass beneath the extensor retinaculum
timothy had a nasty dirty toe
what structures pass beneath the lateral retinaculum
fibularis longus and brevis
explain the attachments of the superior band of the lateral retinaculum of the foot
extends from the lateral malleolus to the calcaneous
explain the attachments of the inferior band of the lateral retinaculum of the foot
attaches to the lateral calcaneous and then blends with the inferior band of the extensor retinaculum
explain the attachments of the flexor retinaculum
extends from the medial malleolus to the medial side of calcaneous
what acronym is used to remember which structures pass beneath the flexor retinaculum
tom dick and very naughty harry
the arches of the foot are held together by…
a combination of bony, ligamentous and muscular factors
the arches of the foot means that the standing weight is taken on which parts of the foot
the posterior part of the calcaneus and the metatarsal heads
which arches maintain the integrity of the foot
one transverse and 2 longitudinal arches
what are the 4 important structures of the dorsum of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis extensor hoods deep fibular nerve dorsalis pedis artery
explain what and where the extensor digitorum brevis is located
an intrinsic muscle of the dorsum of the foot that lies underneath the long flexor tendons arising from the top of the lateral aspect of the calcaneous and splits into a tendon for each of the digits
where does the extensor digitorum brevis tendons insert into the digits
joins the EDL tendon on its lateral side
which tendons contribute to the extensor hoods of the digits
EDL EHL EDB
explain the attachments of the extensor hoods
apex inserts into the base of the distal phalan base inserts more proximally centre - attaches to the side of the middle phalanx
what are the two branches of the dorsalis pedis artery
arcuate artery deep plantar artery
route of the arcuate artery
heads laterally across the dorsum of the foot and gives a series of metatarsal and digital arteries
route of the deep plantar artery
dives through the first dorsal interosseous and completes the deep plantar arch
how many layers are there beneath the plantar aponeurosis that make up the sole of the foot
4 short, long, short, short
what is the plantar aponeurosis
a thickening in the deep fascia in the sole of the foot
what are the attachments of the plantar aponeurosis
extends from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity, extends forwards over the sole of the food and dividing into 5 slips and inserts into the bones, ligaments and skin of the toes
what are the muscles of layer 1 of the sole of the foot
2 abductors (for big toe and little toe) and one flexor extending for the whole length of the sole of the foot
what is the flexor called that is part of layer 1 of the sole of the foot
flexor digitorum brevis
where do the abductors of layer 1 of the sole of the foot insert into
the base of the proximal phalanx
what muscles make up layer 2 of the foot
tibialis posterior FDL FHL lumbricals associated with FDL flexor accessorius
are the lumbricals medial or lateral to the toes
medial
what is the function of flexor accessorius
it is an accessory flexor muscle that optimises the function of FDL and straightens the line of pull for it
what are the muscles of layer 3 of the sole of the foot
short flexors for little toe and big toe adductor hallicus (these are short muscles)
what comprises layer 4 of the sole of the foot
3 plantar interossei (3,4,5) and 3 dorsal interossei (2,3,4)
which tnedons are associated with the interossei of the sole of the foot
the insertion of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
in between which layers is the neurovascular structures of the foot situated
in between layers 1 and 2 (between the short and long layer)
the posterior tibial artery branches into..
medial and lateral plantar arteries
route of medial plantar artery
continues down the medial border of the sole of the foot
route of the lateral plantar artery
swings wide and creates a deep plantar arch on the sole of the foot
what two arteries make up the deep plantar arch
lateral plantar artery (branch of post tibial) deep branch of the dorsalis pedis
the tibial nerve splits into…
the lateral and medial plantar nerves
innervation of the lateral plantar nerve
supplies sensory to the lateral 1.5 finger and motor to almost all of the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot
innervation of the medial plantar nerve
supplies sensory to the medial 3.5 digits
name the following
