Vessels, Nerves and Lymph Nodes of the Pelvis Flashcards
What arteries supply most of the pelvic viscera, and what organs do they not supply?
Right and left internal iliac arteries
Do not supply testes, ovaries or upper part of rectum
What artery supplies the bladder, seminal gland and prostate?
Superior and inferior vesical arteries
What are the origins of the superior and inferior vesical arteries?
Superior vesical artery- patent part of umbilical artery
Inferior vesical artery- anterior division of internal iliac artery
What artery supplies the pelvic ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina?
Uterine artery
What artery is the uterine artery a branch of?
Anterior division of internal iliac artery
What artery supplies the testes and ovaries?
Gonadal (testicular or ovarian)
What artery is the gonadal artery a branch of?
Abdominal aorta
What artery supplies the rectum?
Superior rectal artery
What artery is the superior rectal artery a branch of?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What artery supplies the seminal glands, prostate and rectum?
Middle and inferior rectal arteries
What artery are the middle and inferior rectal arteries a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
What artery supplies the vagina and inferior part of the bladder?
Vaginal artery
What artery is the vaginal artery a branch of?
Uterine artery
What is the main artery to the perineum?
Internal pudendal artery
What artery is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?
Anterior division of internal iliac artery
What artery supplies the pelvic muscles and head of femur?
Obturator artery
What artery is the obturator artery a branch of?
Intenral iliac artery
What do the superior and inferior vesical arteries supply?
Bladder
Seminal glands
Prostate
What does the uterine artery supply?
Pelvic ureter
Uterus
Ligaments of uterus
Uterine tube
Vagina
What do the gonadal arteries supply?
Testes or ovaries
What does the superior rectal artery supply?
Rectum
What do the middle and inferior rectal arteries supply?
Seminal glands
Prostate
Rectum
What does the vaginal artery supply?
Vagina
Inferior part of urinary bladder
What does the internal pudendal artery supply?
Perineum
What does the obturator artery supply?
Pelvic muscles
Head of femur
What are the five veins that drain the pelvis?
Internal iliac veins
Superior rectal veins
Median sacral vein
Gonadal veins
Internal vertebral venous plexus
Which rectal vein drains into the portal circulation?
Superior rectal vein
Which rectal veins drain into the systemic circulation?
Inferior and middle rectal veins
What is the clinical significance of the pelvic veins?
Haemorrhoids
With which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on its posterior side?
Vertebral venous plexus (causes bone mets in prostate cancer)
What makes up the somatic component of the nerve supply to the reproductive organs?
Illioinguinal nerve + genitofemoral nerve
Where does the illioinguinal nerve originate?
L1
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?
At the superficial inguinal ring
What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?
The skin at the root of the penis or the labia
Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate?
L1-L2
Where does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?
Deep inguinal ring
What structure is supplied by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
The anterior aspect of the scrotum
Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?
From S2-S4 via the sacral plexus
What is the sympathetic innervation of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in males?
L1 and L2 via the hypogastric plexus
What is the sympathetic innervation of the female genital tract?
Ovarian and pelvic plexuses
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the female genital tract?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
What is the innervation of male and female erectile tissues?
Parasympathetic fibres from S2-S4 via the hypogastric plexus
What region do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?
Pelvic viscera (especially superior parts of anterior pelvic organs)
What region do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?
Gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera
What region do the sacral lymph nodes drain?
Postero-inferior pelvic viscera
What nodes do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?
External iliac nodes
Internal iliac nodes
Sacral nodes
