Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What structures constitute the birth canal?
Vulva
Cervix
Vagina
What are the layers of the uterus, from outermost to innermost?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
From what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from during pregnancy?
The isthmus
How does the round ligament appear?
Fibrous appearance
Where does the ovarian ligament run between?
Ovaries and uterus
What is the appearance of the ovarian suspensory ligaements?
Hollow with ovarian vessels inside
Where is the round ligament of the uterus found?
Between the two sheets of the broad ligament
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteflexed
Anteverted
What can happen if the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed, especially in early pregnancy?
Urinary incontinence
Miscarriage
Why is it important to know the position of the uterus prior to instrumental delivery?
To avoid perforation of the uterus with instrumentation
Where does the rectouterine space lie?
Between the rectum and the uterus
Where does the uterovesical space lie?
Between the bladder and the uterus
What are the fornices of the vagina?
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Through which vaginal fornix can the rectouterine puch be accessed?
Posterior vaginal fornix
What structures support the uterus?
Pelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor
What is the cardinal ligament of the uterus?
Transverse cervical ligament
What are the parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural/uterine part
Which is the longest and widest part of the uterine tubes?
Ampulla
Where does fertilisation occur?
In the ampulla of the uterine tubes
What are the ligaments associated with the ovaries?
Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ovarian ligament
Where does the ligament of the ovary run between?
From the uterus to ovaries
Where does the suspensory ovarian ligament run between?
From ovaries to lateral pelvic wall
What branches of the abdominal aorta supply the gonads and genitalia?
Gonadal and internal iliac arteries
At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate?
L2
In what structure does the ovarian artery descend?
Within the suspensory ligament and supplies ovarie via broad ligament
Into what vein does the left ovarian vein drain?
Left renal vein
Into what vein does the right ovarian vein drain?
Inferior vena cava
Where does the uterine artery cross over the ureter?
At the level of the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina
Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the ovaries?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
Where is lymph from the external orifice of the vagina drained to?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What lymph nodes drain the fundus and upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic group
What lymph nodes drain the bulk of the uterine body?
Internal iliac group
What lymph nodes drain the lower part of the uterine body?
Ecternal iliac group
What lymph nodes drain the uterine cervix and upper vagina?
Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
What lymph nodes drain the lower vagina?
Sacral and common iliac
How many lobes are in each breast?
15-25
What are the boundaries of the breasts?
2nd rib
6th rib
Lateral border of sternum
Anterior axillary line
What muscles are the deep surface of the breasts related to?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Branches of which arteries supply the mammary gland?
Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries
What are the main lymph node groups draining the breasts?
Axillary lymph nodes (75%, lateral quadrants)
Pectoral
Parasternal
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
