Perineum Flashcards
What are the contents of the male perineum?
External genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal
What are the contents of the female perineum?
Female external genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal
What are the subdivisions of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
Where is the line separating the urogenital and anal triangles?
Line between two ischial tuberosities transversley
Which perineal triangle lies inferior to the pubic symphysis?
Urogenital triangle
Which perineal triangle lies anteroinferior to the coccyx?
Anal triangle
Where does the perineal membrane run?
Between the right and left sides of the pubic arch, below the pubic symphysis
What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?
Branch of pudendal nerve
What are the main actions of the external anal sphincter?
Constricts anal sphincter during peristalsis
What is the innervation of the bulbospongiosus muscle?
Muscular/deep branch of perineal nerve
Branch of pudendal nerve
What is the innervation of the ischiocavernous muscle?
Muscular/deep branch of perineal nerve
Branch of pudendal nerve
What is the innervation of the superifical transverse perineal muscle?
Muscular/deep branch of perineal nerve
Branch of pudendal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Terminal branch of pudendal nerve
What is the innervation of the deep transverse perineal muscle?
Muscular/deep branch of perineal nerve
Branch of pudendal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Terminal branch of pudendal nerve
What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?
Muscular/deep branch of perineal nerve
Branch of pudendal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Terminal branch of pudendal nerve
What are the main actions of the bulbospongiosus muscle?
Support and fixes perineal body/ pelvic floor
What are the main actions of the ischiocavernosus muscle?
Maintains erection of penis/ clitoris
What are the main actions of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?
Support and fix perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera
Resist intra-abdominal pressure increases
What are the main actions of the deep transverse perineal muscle?
Support and fix perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera
Resist intra-abdominal pressure increases
What are the main actions of the external urethral sphincter?
Compresses urethra to maintain urinary continence
What is the perineal body?
A fibro-muscular mass
What is the clinical significance of the perineal body?
If damaged can get prolapse of pelvic viscera
What muscles converge towards the perineal body?
Bulbospongiosus
External anal sphincter
Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
Muscles from external urethral sphincter
Levator ani
Which space is the external urethral sphincter found in?
Deep perineal pouch
What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?
Branch of pudendal nerve
What are the parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy/penile
What is the widest part of the male urethra?
Prostatic
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
Membranous
What is the anterior border of the perineum?
The pubic symphysis
What is the posterior border of the perineum?
The tip of the coccyx
What are the lateral borders of the perineum?
Inferior pubic rami
Inferior ischial rami
Sacrotuberous ligament
What forms the roof of the perineum?
Pelvic floor
What forms the base of the perineum?
Skin
Fascia
