Vessels and anatomical terminology

Question 1

What layers does capillary have?

Answer 1

One layer of endothelium layer

Question 2

What are the three layers that arteries and veins have, and the order?

Answer 2

From lumen outwards:
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 3

What can be present in the Tunica intima?

Answer 3

Endothelium layer
Basal lamina (matrix secreted by endothelium)
Subendothelial connective tissue
Internal elastic membrane

Question 4

What is the difference between artery and vein in the Tunica intima?

Answer 4

Endothelum in artery is rippled due to vessel constriction whereas in the vein it is smooth.
There is internal elastic membrane in the artery but not in the vein

Question 5

What is the difference in the Tunica media between artery and the veins.

Answer 5

Artery- Tunica media = thick, smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres and external elastic membrane
Vein- Thin, smooth muscle and collagen fibres. No external elastic fibre

Question 6

Where is the external fibre found?

Answer 6

Between the Tunica media and Tunica externa

Question 7

What can the Tunica externa also be called?

Answer 7

Tunica adventitia

Question 8

What is the Tunica externa?

Answer 8

The outer layer. Is connective tissue that merges with adjacent tissue. Can have vaso vasorum, a network of blood vessels to supply the cells.

Question 9

What is the difference of Tunica Externa in artery and veins?

Answer 9

Artery- Collagen and elastic fibres

Vein - Collagen, elastic fibres and smooth muscle cells.

Question 10

In veins what is thicker? Tunica media or Tunica externa?

Answer 10

Tunica externa

Question 11

What is the function of smooth muscles?

Answer 11

Can increase or decrease the blood pressure

Question 12

What is the function of elastic tissue?

Answer 12

To maintain the blood pressure

Question 13

What is the appearance of arteries?

Answer 13

Round and relatively thick wall

Question 14

What is the appearance of veins?

Answer 14

Collapsed with relatively thin wall

Question 15

How do arteries increase blood pressure?

Answer 15

Vasoconstriction, so smooth muscles contract.

Question 16

Name three different types of arteries.

Answer 16

Muscular, distributing arteries,
Arterioles/ resistance
Elastic/conducting arteries

Question 17

Give examples of Elastic/conducting arteries

Answer 17

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 18

What is the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 18

Coming from the right ventricle is branches into left and right pulmonary arteries.

Question 19

What is the diameter of elastic artery?

Answer 19

2.5 cm

Question 20

Describe the tunica media in elastic artery?

Answer 20

High density of elastic fibres and few smooth muscle cells.

Question 21

Where are muscular arteries found?

Answer 21

Distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs.

Question 22

What is the lumen of muscular arteries?

Answer 22

0.5 mm- 4mm

Question 23

What are pressure points?

Answer 23

Muscular arteries where the artery is pressed against bones and can reduce blood flow

Question 24

Describe the tunica media in Muscular arteries

Answer 24

Thick. More smooth muscles than elastic fibres

Question 25

Describe the tunica externa in Muscular arteries

Answer 25

Thick. Two elastic laminae. Internal and external

Question 26

What is the diameter of arterioles

Answer 26

30 micro m.

Question 27

Describe the tunica media in arterioles.

Answer 27

(bigger )Two layers of smooth layers. (smaller) scattered smooth muscle cells.

Question 28

Describe tunica externa in arterioles

Answer 28

Poorly defined

Question 29

Where are capillaries found?

Answer 29

Spread through connective tissue, beneath basement of epithelia

Question 30

Name three types of capillaries

Answer 30

Continuous, fenestrated and Sinusoidal.

Question 31

Describe Continuous capillaries

Answer 31

Majority. Interstitial fluid moves out. Diameter can be formed of one endothelial cell.

Question 32

Describe Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 32

Rapid exchange of plasma and interstitial fluid because contain pores. Found in the kidneys, brain and endocrine glands

Question 33

Describe Sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 33

Similar to fenestrated but flattened and irregular shaped. Thin or absent basement membrane. Pores so proteins can be exchanged. Found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen and endocrine glands

Question 34

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 34

A network of capillaries. A single arteriole gives rise to dozens of capillaries, which returns to a venules

Question 35

What are precapillary sphincters?

Answer 35

Guard and control the flow of blood into the capillary.

Question 36

Name a direct route through the capillary bed.

Answer 36

Goes from arteriole, metarteriole, thoroughfare channel and to venule.

Question 37

Name the route where the blood may bypass the capillary bed

Answer 37

Through arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 38

What is an anastomoses?

Answer 38

A direct connection between two blood vessels. Either between to arteries, between two veins, or between an artery and vein.

Question 39

How are veins classified?

Answer 39

Based on their size

Question 40

Name the four type of veins

Answer 40

Venules, small sized veins, medium and large sized

Question 41

What is the diameter of a venule?

Answer 41

20 micro meter. Is the smallest venous. Smaller than 50 micro meter have no tunica media

Question 42

What is the diameter of a small sized vein?

Answer 42

Less than 2mm

Question 43

What is the diameter of a medium sized vein?

Answer 43

2-9mm . Thin tunica media, thicker tunica externa

Question 44

What is the diameter of a large sized vein?

Answer 44

9mm.

Question 45

What are example of large size vein?

Answer 45

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 46

What are valves made of?

Answer 46

Fold of tunica intima, and point towards blood flow.

Question 47

What type of vessels have the most amount of blood?

Answer 47

The venous contains 65%

Question 48

What is the anatomical position

Answer 48

Facing forward, thumbs pointing outwards.

Question 49

What does anterior mean?

Answer 49

In front of

Question 50

What does superior mean?

Answer 50

Above

Question 51

What does medial mean?

Answer 51

Closer to the midline

Question 52

What does posterior mean?

Answer 52

Behind of

Question 53

What does inferior mean?

Answer 53

Below

Question 54

What does ventral mean?

Answer 54

In front of

Question 55

What does dorsal mean?

Answer 55

Behind of

Question 56

What does lateral mean?

Answer 56

Further from the midline of the body

Question 57

What does distal mean?

Answer 57

Further from the body

Question 58

What does proximal mean?

Answer 58

Closer to the body

Question 59

Whats is the frontal/coronal plane

Answer 59

Slicing the body from shoulder to shoulder, into front half and back half.

Question 60

What is the horizontal/transverse plane?

Answer 60

Slicing the body horizontally into top half and bottom half.

Question 61

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 61

Slicing the body into the right and left side, down the middle.

Question 62

What is the systemic circulation?

Answer 62

Blood from the heart to the body and back. From aorta and back from vena cava

Question 63

What is cephalic?

Answer 63

Head

Question 64

What is jugular?

Answer 64

neck

Question 65

What is brachium?

Answer 65

Arm

Question 66

What is popliteal fossa?

Answer 66

Back of the knee

Question 67

What is axillary fossa?

Answer 67

The arm pit

Question 68

Name the vessels coming from the aortic arch

Answer 68

Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid and left subclavian

Question 69

Where does the aortic arch supply?

Answer 69

The upper limbs

Question 70

What artery supplies the upper right side of the body?

Answer 70

Brachiocephalic, which bifurcates into right common carotid (goes up), and right subclavian (arm).

Question 71

How does the subclavian bifurcate?

Answer 71

At the elbow into the radial and ulnar

Question 72

Where does the descending aorta go?

Answer 72

From the thoracic to the abdominal aorta branching at the pelvis into left and right common iliac

Question 73

How does each common iliac branch?

Answer 73

Into external and internal iliac.

Question 74

Where does the internal iliac go?

Answer 74

To the pelvis

Question 75

Where does the external iliac go?

Answer 75

To the lower limb into the right and left femoral artery

Question 76

How does each femoral artery branch?

Answer 76

At the knee into anterior and posterior tibia.

Question 77

Describe the lower limb venous system.

Answer 77

Same as the arterial, but enters the heart through the inferior vena cava.

Question 78

Describe the upper limb venous system.

Answer 78

From the head: Internal and external jugular. From the arm: radial and ulnar go to brachial which goes to subclavian and then meet at the brachiocephalic. The internal jugular joins the right brachiocephalic. The external joins the left subclavian vein. Both the brachiocephalic then join into the superior vena cava.

Question 79

What is the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 79

Blood from heart to lungs and back only. From pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein.

Question 80

What is the portal circulation?

Answer 80

Blood draining from one capillary bed into a second bed through a vein

Question 81

What is the name of a portal system?

Answer 81

Hepatic portal system

Question 82

Where is the hepatic portal systems found?

Answer 82

Between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Question 83

What is the lymphatic circulation?

Answer 83

A network of lymph vessels with fluid called lymph in it.

Question 84

What is the function of the lymphatic circulation?

Answer 84

Body's defence mechanism and the drainage of interstitial fluid.

Question 85

Describe the flow of lymph in the lymphatic system

Answer 85

Enters through the lymph capillaries, then into lymph vessels. Then to nodes. Then to lymph trunks and then the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct.

Question 86

What is a node?

Answer 86

An organ which have lymphocytes and macrophages to check and trap foreign bodies.

Question 87

Where does the right side of the head, neck, thorax and upper limb drain their interstitial into?

Answer 87

Into the right lymphatic duct and then the right subclavian vein.

Question 88

Where does the rest of the bodies interstitial fluid drain into?

Answer 88

The thoracic duct and then the left subclavian vein