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CRAAB- Golijan Vascular Disorders > Vessel Aneurysms > Flashcards

Vessel Aneurysms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vessel aneurysm?

A

wall stress>
weakening of the vessel wall>
dilation

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2
Q

What is the most common vessel aneurysm?

A

AAA

Men > 60
Tenth leading cause of death in men > 65

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3
Q

Where are AAA usually located?

A

BELOW the renal artery orifices

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4
Q

What causes AAA?

A

Atherosclerosis>
weakened wall>
dilation of vessel

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5
Q

A pt with an AAA may have what clinical findings?

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. pulsatile epigastric mass (tender/nontender)
  3. bruit (renal artery stenosis/visceral stenosis present
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6
Q

What is the most common complication of an AAA? What is the triad for rupture?

A

RUPTURE

Left flank pain
hypotension
pulsatile mass

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7
Q

What is the greatest predictor of rupture?

A

Diameter of the aneurysm

>5–> surgical repair

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8
Q

How do you diagnose AAA?

A

Ultrasound

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9
Q

What is a popliteal artery aneurysm?

A

Male dominant

Behind Knee

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10
Q

What is the most common peripheral aneurysm?

A

popliteal

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11
Q

What is a mycotic aneurysm?

A

vessel wall thickening d/t an infection

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12
Q

What fungi commonly cause mycotic aneurysm?

A

Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor (invade vessels and weaken them)

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13
Q

What bacteria commonly cause myoctic aneurysm?

A

BActerioides fragilis, pseudomonas, salmonella

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14
Q

What is a berry aneurysm?

A

Saccular dilation found around circle of willis at the base of the brain

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15
Q

What is a syphilitic aneurysm?

A

T. Pallidum
Aortic arch aneurysm
Tertiary syphilis
vasa vasorum vasculitis

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16
Q

What type of vasculitis is associated with a syphilitic aneurysm?

A

Endarteritis obliterans: plasma cell infiltrate

17
Q

What clinical findings are associated with a syphilitic aneurysm?

A

AV regurge
Early diastolic murmur
Wide pulse pressures–> bounding

18
Q

What murmur is commonly observed with syphilitic aneurysm?

A

Austin Flint murmur: blood dripping onto anterior MV leavlet

19
Q

What population is aortic dissection most commonly observed in?

A

Men 40-60 yrs w/ HTN

20
Q

What is the most common cause of death in Marfan syndrome/EDS?

A

Aortic dissection

21
Q

What is the pathology behind aortic dissection?

A

Cystic medial degeneration

Elastic tissue fragmentation in media> weak elastic artery

22
Q

What are risk factors for cystic medial degeneration?

A
  1. Increased wall stress (HTN, pregnancy, coarcation of the aorta)
  2. Defects in CT (marfans, EDS)
23
Q

What causes an intimal tear in the aorta?

A

HTN/underlying structural weakenes>
tear w/in 10 cm of AV>
blood dissects under arterial pressure through areas of weakness

24
Q

What are clinical findings of aortic dissection?

A

Pain radiates to back
absent pulse
AV regurge

25
Q

What is the MCC of death in aortic dissection?

A

cardiac tamponade

CRAAB- Golijan Vascular Disorders (7 decks)

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