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CRAAB- Golijan Vascular Disorders > Arteriosclerosis and Arteriolosclerosis > Flashcards

Arteriosclerosis and Arteriolosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

Thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

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2
Q

What is medial calcification? It it of clinical consequence?

A

Dystrophic calcification in wall of muscular arteries

NO–unless associated with atherosclerosis
can be seen on radiographs

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3
Q

What population is atherosclerosis most commonly seen in?

A

Men of increasing age

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4
Q

What are risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A
  1. HTN> endothelial cell dysfunciton
  2. Diabetes> hyperlipidemias, oxd stress
  3. Cigarette smoking, hyperlipoproteinemias
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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A 
HTN, smoking, homocysteine, oxd LDL>
endothelial damage>
macrophages infiltrate intima>
release cytokines>
Platelets induce inflammatory responses>
Hyperplasia of SMCs>
Foam cells>
fibrous plaque (overlies necrotic core)
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6
Q

What are the most common sites of atherosclerosis?

A

Abdominal aorta
coronary artery
popliteal artery
internal carotid artery

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7
Q

What is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events?

A

CRP (increased in pts w/ disrupted/inflammatory plaques)

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8
Q

What complications can occur from atherosclerosis?

A 
Vessel weakness> aneurysms
Vessel thrombosis> AMI, storke, infarction (superior mesenteric artery)
HTN
Cerebral atrophy
PAD
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9
Q

What is a key sign of PAD?

A 
Angina in peripheral arteries that is relieved by resting
Dependent rubor (redness of feet)
cool skin
poor healing
decreased hair/nail growth
decreased pedal pulses
bruits over femoral/popliteal artries
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10
Q

What are the 5 ps of acute peripheral artery occlusion?

A 
Pain
pallor
paresthesisas
paralysis
pulselessness
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11
Q

What is used to diagnose PAD?

A

Resting ankle brachial index (<.9 is consistent w/ PAD)

Angiography

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12
Q

How do you treat PAD?

A

Revascularization

Cilostazol (Platelet inhibiotr)

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13
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

Hardening of the arterioles

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14
Q

What is hyaline arteriosclerosis?

A

Increased protein is deposited in vessel wall>

occludes lumen

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15
Q

How does diabetes cause hyaline arteriosclerosis?

A

Through nonenzymatic glycosylation

glucose combines with proteins>
basement membrane of arterioles>
causes basement membrane to leak proteins from plasma into vessel wall>
pin staining material on H and E stain

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16
Q

How does HTN cause Hyaline arteriosclerosis?

A

Increased intraluminal pressure in arterioles>

pushes plasma proteins into vessel wall

17
Q

What causes hyperplastic arteriosclerosis?

A

ONION SKIN

Increase in bp>
smooth muscle hyperplasia in renal arterioles>
renal arterioles have onion skin appearance

CRAAB- Golijan Vascular Disorders (7 decks)

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