vertigo and syncope Flashcards
what is Autonomic regulation in charge of
smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glandular control - keeps us in a steady -state
What is sympathetic NS
fight or flight
stimulated during times of stress
primary neurotransmitter is NE = adrenergic nerves
where is sympathic NS located
primarily within the thoracic spine T1-L2
where is the Parasympathetic NS located
within the brainstem and sacral aspect of the spine (cranioscaral division)
what is the primary neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic NS
acetylcholine = cholinergic
what is the most important function of the ANS
maintaining and regulating vascular tone
What is syncope
fainting or passing out with loss of postural tone
brief interruption of consciousness with rull resolution and return to baseline
what are the major types of syncope
reflex syncope
orthostatic syncope
cardiac arrhythmia
structural cardiopulmonary disease
what is the #1 test you must order for a patient who suffered a syncopal episode or experienced pre-syncope
EKG
what is reflex syncope
autonomic dysregulation - lead to decrease cardiac output and decreased vascular tone
induces vasovagal
what is a syncope triggered by high emotions or pain
vasovagal syncope
what is subclavian steal syndrome
vascular issue where the subclavian artery is stenosed proximal to the vertebral artery and cause reverse flow during times of exertion
causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency
primarily during exercise - really rare
what are the four types of dizziness
vertigo, disequilibrium, lightheadedness, presyncope
what are the two types of vertigo
peripheral and central
what type of vertigo affects the cerebellum and brainstem
Central vertigo = scary kind! thinking infarction, hemorrhage or mass
