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CABS - Neuro > Misc. Neuro disorders > Flashcards

Misc. Neuro disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of astrocytes

A

form contacts between neuronal surfaces and and blood cells. transports nutrients and metabolites
IMPORTANT PART OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

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2
Q

what is the function of microglia

A

clear cellular debris

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3
Q

what is the function of non-myelinating Schwann cells

A

neuronal metabolic support and regrowth within PNS

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4
Q

what is the function of satellite glial cells

A

surround the sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic nerves to help protect and promote cellular communication

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5
Q

what is the function of myelin

A

segments of lipid wrap that insulates the axon - allows for saltatory conduction

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6
Q

oligodendrocyte location

A

CNS

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7
Q

Schwann cell location

A

PNS

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8
Q

what is a deymelination of oligodendrocytes

A

Multiple sclerosis

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9
Q

what is demylination of schwann cells

A

Guillain-Barre

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10
Q

what is MS

A

degenerative, chronic disease
autoimmune inflammatory state leading to demyelination - will occur over hours to days
affects to myelin of the CNS (oligodendrocytes)

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11
Q

what is the pathophysiology of MS

A

genetic predisposition with environmental triggers
HLA-DRB mutation - causes abnormal response to MHC proteins

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12
Q

what is the etiology of MS

A

F>M
low vitamin D
viral infections

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13
Q

what is EBV

A

Epstein Barr virus
type of herpes virus - asymptomatic or may cause mono

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14
Q

what is necessary for MS to develop

A

EBV - since EBC antigen looks very similar to myelin and demyelination during the inflammatory response to autoimmune reaction

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15
Q

what type of cell mediated disease is MS

A

B-cell mediated disease

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16
Q

how does MS start

A

starts with clinically isolated syndrome
must occur for > 24 hours
typically recover (remyelination)

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17
Q

what is gliosis

A

scar tissue of glial cells

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18
Q

what is the most common symptom of MS

A

optic neuritic - can also be spinal cord syndrome, brain stem syndrome, cerebellar syndrome

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19
Q

what is possible presentation of MS

A

may present with spasticity, muscular weakness, sensory changes, incontinence (if autonomic system involved, ataxia(cerebrellum))

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20
Q

as MS progressed what is most likely to be affected

A

cognitive deficits (memory, attention, psychiatric, depression, dementia)

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21
Q

what are the MS classifications

A

relapsing remitting
primary progressive
secondary progressive
progressive relapsing

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22
Q

what is relapsing remitting MS

A

most common
will have recurrent relapses during inflammatory activation
may or may not have symptoms
typically worsens clinically over time - progressive disability

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23
Q

what environmental factor affects MS

A

heat

24
Q

what is primary progressive MS

A

more consistent worsening of symptoms without relief

25
Q

what is secondary progressive MS

A

relapsing turned progressive

26
Q

what is progressive relapsing MS

A

will have consistent worsening with flairs

27
Q

what can be repaired, axons or myelin

A

myelin can be repaired

28
Q

what Cranial nerves have oligodendrocytes

A

CN1 and CN2

29
Q

what is Marcus Gun pupil

A

vasodilation with light
sign of optic neuritis

30
Q

what part of your brain makes you emotional

A

limbic system

31
Q

what is function of the limbic system

A

mediates emotional response with memory/learning
visceral reaction

32
Q

what makes up the limbic system

A

Basal Ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus

33
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia

A

part of the limbic system
includes caudate and putamen (together = striatum)
these pathways help with motor, emotional and learning reward

34
Q

what is the cause of tourettes disorder

A

lack of inhibiting factors of the limbic and motor syndrome lead to motor and phonic tics - specifically the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (mesolimbic) circuit which is important in decision making, regulation of affect, goal-directed behaviors

35
Q

what is used to ID changes in the structural as well as metabolic processes in pts with tourettes

A

functional imaging

36
Q

what portion of the brain is triggered just prior to a tourettes tic

A

insula implicated which typically helps to monitor sensation/urges
changes in basal ganglio functionally

37
Q

what is structurally smaller in patients with tourettes

A

decrease in size of the caudate which is part of the basal ganglion and helps to organize our motor movements

38
Q

what is decreased wtihin the basal ganglio

A

GABA - creates stimulating effect without GABA receptor

39
Q

when is the peak symptom of tourettes

A

around puberty with many patients and resolving their ticks after puberty

40
Q

how is ICP assessed

A

lumbar puncture

41
Q

what is NPH

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus
normal flow of CSF, no constriction or blockage of flow of the CSF

42
Q

what is the presentation of NPH

A

dementia, gait alteration, incontinence

gait is the first thing affected

43
Q

how can NPH be treated/reversed

A

VP shunt

44
Q

what is the cause of NPH

A

Idiopathic or secondary to hemorrhage or infection

45
Q

what are the cause of Idiopathic NPH

A

HTN, CAD, PAD increase risk
decreased absorption
increased venous pressure

46
Q

what is the triad of NPH

A

wacky, wobbly, wet
dementia, wide gait, urinary incontinence

47
Q

what is the most common NMJ disorder

A

Myasthenia gravis

48
Q

what is M. gravis

A

autoimmune response to the Ach receptors of NMJ
antibodies attack ocular, respiratory, head/neck and limb muscles

49
Q

what do antibodies target in M. gravis

A

AChR antigen

50
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is M. gravis

A

type 2 tissue specific hypersensitivities

51
Q

what is ALS

A

amytrophic lateral sclerosis
progressive neurodegenerative disease - ultimately fatal

52
Q

what is degenerated in ALS

A

the upper and lower motor neurons - causes thinning of spinal cord and causes muscle atrophy

53
Q

where does ALS begin

A

neck/head muscles, limbs and then respiratory muscles

54
Q

what causes fatality in ALS patients

A

respiratory compromise

55
Q

what is decreased in uptake in ALS

A

decreased glutamate uptake which causes excitotoxicity and calcium goes crazy and triggers microglia to cause inflammation and damage axons

CABS - Neuro (15 decks)

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