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BIO 102 Test 3 > Vertebrate Diversity > Flashcards

Vertebrate Diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four characteristics of all chordates at some time in their life?

A
  1. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
  2. notochord
  3. pharyngeal slits
  4. muscular post anal tail
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2
Q

Do tunicates and lancelets have backbones?

A

no

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3
Q

Are adult tunicates mobile?

A

no

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4
Q

how are tunicate larva?

A

tadpole like

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5
Q

What are lancelets?

A

small blade like marine chordates

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6
Q

What do hagfish produce for defense?

A

slime

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7
Q

Do hagfish have jaws?

A

no

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8
Q

Do hagfish have paired fins?

A

no

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9
Q

What is a lamprey?

A

a marine parasite that penetrate the sides of fish with their rasping tongues

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10
Q

Do lampreys have jaws?

A

no

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11
Q

What characterize jawed vertebrates?

A

gills and paired fins

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12
Q

What are the examples of jawed vertebrates?

A

Chondrichthyans (sharks), ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes

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13
Q

Where are jaws suggested to have evolved from?

A

pharyngeal (gill) slits

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14
Q

What are examples of chondrichthyans?

A

sharks, rays and skates

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15
Q

What are examples of ray-finned fishes?

A

tuna, trout, goldfish

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16
Q

What are examples of lobe-finned fishes?

A

lungfish and coelecanths

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17
Q

Skates

A

-egg bearing (oviparous)
-dorsal fin
-tail with thorny projection
-smaller then rays

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18
Q

Rays

A

-live bearing (viviparous)
-dorsal fin absent or reduced
-larger, spines on tail

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19
Q

Sharks

A

-streamline swimmers
-short digestive tract
-acute senses (sight and smell)

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20
Q

How are sharks digestive tracts?

A

shorts with a spiral valve

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21
Q

What is the function of the cloaca in sharks?

A

the reproductive, excretory, and digestive tract empty into it

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22
Q

Do ray-finned fishes have a skeleton made of bone?

A

yes

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23
Q

Osteichthyes

A

-known as bony fishes
-breathe by drawing water over gills
-have a swim bladder
-lateral line system
-most oviparous (eggs outside of body)

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24
Q

What is the function of a swim bladder?

A

buoyancy

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25
Q

Actinopterygii

A

-known as ray finned fishes
-webs of skin supported by bony spines
-fins supported by long, flexible rays

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26
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

-known as lobe-finned fishes
-fleshy fin jointed to the body by a single bone
-have muscular pelvic and pectoral fins for swimming

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27
Q

What was the first tetrapod to colonize land?

A

amphibians

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28
Q

Examples of amphibians

A

salamanders, frogs, caecilians

29
Q

Why do amphibians have moist skin?

A

to supplement their lungs for gas exchange

30
Q

Where do amphibians usually lay eggs?

A

in the water

31
Q

What is the process called that amphibians undergo to go from larval stage to adult?

A

metamorphosis

32
Q

What is the class frogs are in?

A

anura

33
Q

What is the class salamanders are in?

A

Urodela

34
Q

What is the class caecilians are in?

A

apoda

35
Q

What does amphibian mean?

A

both ways of life

36
Q

Anura (frogs)

A

-lack tails
-powerful hind legs for locomotion
-eggs require a moist environment

37
Q

Apoda (caecilians)

A

-legless
-nearly blind
-resemble earthworms

38
Q

What phylums are amniotes?

A

reptiles, birds, mammals

39
Q

How many membranes does the amniotic egg have?

A

4

40
Q

What is the amnion in the amniotic egg?

A

fluid filled sac surrounding the embryo

41
Q

What is the yolk sac in the amniotic egg?

A

contains a rich store of nutrients for the developing embryo

42
Q

What is the chorion in the amniotic egg?

A

enable the embryo to obtain oxygen from the air and dispose of carbon dioxide

43
Q

What is the allantois in the amniotic egg?

A

helos dispose of metabolic waste

44
Q

What are reptiles scales made of?

A

keratin

45
Q

Crocodiles

A

-longer, more V shaped head then alligators
-more aggressive than alligators
-better adapted for salt water

46
Q

Squamates

A

-lizards and snakes
-most numerous and diverse reptiles

47
Q

Squamates: Lizards

A

-legs
-moveable eyelids
-external ear openings

48
Q

Squamates: Snakes

A

-legless
-carnivorous
-heat sensing organs
-venom

48
Q

Squamates: Snakes

A

-legless
-carnivorous
-heat sensing organs
-venom

49
Q

Label each line

A
50
Q

Lepidosaurs

A

-reptiles
-one surviving lineage in New Zealand
-threatened by rats that eat their eggs

51
Q

Where did birds evolve from?

A

small, two legged dinosaurs called theropods

52
Q

What were early feathers in birds for?

A

insulation and courtship display

53
Q

Clade Aves

A

-birds
-wings with keratin feathers
-lack a bladder and teeth
-small gonads

54
Q

How many ovaries do females in the aves clade have?

A

one

55
Q

What clade are the flightless birds?

A

neornithes (living birds)

56
Q

Mammalia

A

-mammary glands
-hair or fur
-larger brains
-differentiated teeth

57
Q

Monotremes

A

-egg laying mammals
-no nipples

58
Q

Examples of Monotremes

A

spiny anteater and platypus

59
Q

Marsupials

A

-very brief gestation then completes development in a maternal pouch
-attach to nipples in the mothers pouch

60
Q

Examples of Marsupials

A

opossums, kangaroos, sugar gliders, koalas

61
Q

Eutherian

A

-more complex placenta
-complete embryonic development within a uterus jointed to the mother by the placenta

62
Q

Eutherians: Primates

A

-most have hands and feet with flat nails
-large brain and short jaws
-forward looking eyes
-complex social behavior

63
Q

What do primates forward looking eyes provide for them?

A

depth perception

64
Q

How do monkeys and apes differ?

A

monkeys have tails apes do not, monkeys are smaller

65
Q

Anthropoids

A

-monkeys and apes

65
Q

Anthropoids

A

-monkeys and apes

66
Q

Old world monkeys

A

-many arboreal but some ground dwelling
-nostrils open downward
-lack tail

67
Q

New world monkeys

A

-all arboreal
-nostrils open to the side
-many have long tails

BIO 102 Test 3 (4 decks)

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